Title


Genus Escherichia

Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow () only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).

Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 8
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 0

Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").


For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).


 

Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers 1919, genus. (Type genus of the family ¤ Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937 [Approved Lists 1980]; type genus of the tribe ¤ Escherichieae Bergey et al. 1939 [Approved Lists 1980]).
Type species: ¤ Escherichia coli (Migula 1895) Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980).
Etymology: N.L. fem. n. Escherichia, named after Theodor Escherich, who isolated the type species of the genus.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: CASTELLANI (A.) and CHALMERS (A.J.): Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd ed., Williams Wood and Co., New York, 1919.

Note: According to Judicial Opinion 15 the genus Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980) is the type genus of the family ¤ Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937 (Approved Lists 1980).
Reference: LAPAGE (S.P.), SNEATH (P.H.A.), LESSEL (E.F.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.), SEELIGER (H.P.R.) and CLARK (W.A.): International code of nomenclature of bacteria (1990 revision), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1992, p. 93.

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Escherichia adecarboxylata Leclerc 1962, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 23216= CIP 82.92 = DSM 5077 = HAMBI 1696 = JCM 1667 = LMG 2803 = NBRC 102595 = NCTC 13032.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: JN175338.
Etymology: Gr. pref. a, not; N.L. n. decarboxylum [from new Fr. n. decarboxyl (from Fr. n. carboxyl)], removal of a molecule of carbon dioxide from an organic compound; N.L. fem. adj. adecarboxylata, without decarboxylase activity; because it has negative reactions in lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase and arginine dihydrolase; i.e., “triple decarboxylase negative”.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: LECLERC (H.): Étude biochimique d'Enterobacteriaceae pigmentées. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris), 1962, 102, 726-741.

Note: Escherichia adecarboxylata Leclerc 1962 was previously known as CDC Enteric Group 41.

¤ Leclercia adecarboxylata (Leclerc 1962) Tamura et al. 1987, comb. nov.

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Escherichia albertii Huys et al. 2003, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Albert 19982 = CCUG 46494 = JCM 17328 = LMG 20976.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ508775.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. albertii, of Albert, named after M. John Albert, a microbiologist previously associated with the ICDDR,B, who first described these strains as a group of Hafnia-like diarrhoeagenic isolates in the early 1990s and who also contributed greatly to the study of other diarrhoeagenic bacteria.
Valid publication: HUYS (G.), CNOCKAERT (M.), JANDA (J.M.) and SWINGS (J.): Escherichia albertii sp. nov., a diarrhoeagenic species isolated from stool specimens of Bangladeshi children. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 807-810.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Note: Escherichia albertii Huys et al. 2003 was previously known as "Hafnia alvei-like" ICDDRB strains of Albert et al. (ICDDRB = International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Branch in Bangladesh).

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Escherichia blattae Burgess et al. 1973, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 29907= CDC 9005-74 = CIP 103175 = CIP 104942 = DSM 4481 = HAMBI 1692 = JCM 1650 = LMG 3030 = NCTC 12127.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: JN175333.
Etymology: L. gen. n. blattae, of the cockroach.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: BURGESS (N.R.H.), McDERMOTT (S.N.) and WHITING (J.): Aerobic bacteria occurring in the hind-gut of the cockroach, Blatta orientalis. Journal of Hygiene (Cambridge), 1973, 71, 1-7.

¤ Shimwellia blattae (Burgess et al. 1973) Priest and Barker 2010, comb. nov.

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Escherichia coli (Migula 1895) Castellani and Chalmers 1919, species. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 11775= CCUG 24 = CCUG 29300 = CIP 54.8 = DSM 30083 = JCM 1649 = LMG 2092 = NBRC 102203 = NCCB 54008 = NCTC 9001.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X80725.
Synonyms: "Bacterium coli commune" Escherich 1885, "Bacillus coli" Migula 1895, "Bacterium coli" (Migula 1895) Lehmann and Neumann 1896.
Etymology: L. n. colon or colum, the colon; L. gen. n. coli, of the colon.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 MIGULA (W.): Bacteriaceae (Stabchenbacterien). In: A. ENGLER and K. PRANTL (editors): Die Naturlichen Pfanzenfamilien, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, Teil I, Abteilung Ia, 1895, pp. 20-30. 2 CASTELLANI (A.) and CHALMERS (A.J.): Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd ed., Williams Wood and Co., New York, 1919.

Note: Escherichia coli and the four species of the genus ¤ Shigella are a single species on the basis of DNA relatedness. Moreover, these taxa are often difficult to separate biochemically, and pathogenicity does not provide definitive separation (some Escherichia coli strains can cause a dysentery-like diarrhea). However, they remain separate species to avoid confusion in medical microbiology.
Reference: BRENNER (D.J.): Family I. Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937, Nom. fam. cons. Opin. 15, Jud. Com. 1958, 73; Ewing, Farmer, and Brenner 1980, 674; Judicial Commission 1981, 104. In: N.R. KRIEG and J.G. HOLT (editors), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, first edition, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1984, pp. 408-420.

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Escherichia fergusonii Farmer et al. 1985, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 35469= CDC 0568-73 = CIP 103357 = CIP 104947 = DSM 13698 = JCM 21226 = LMG 7866 = NBRC 102419 = NCTC 12128.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF530475.
Etymology: N.L. masc. gen. n. fergusonii, of Ferguson, named to honor the American microbiologist William W. Ferguson, who made many contributions to enteric bacteriology and
was one of the first to show the role of certain strains of Escherichia coli in infantile diarrhea
Valid publication: Validation List no. 17. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1985, 35, 223-225.
Effective publication: FARMER III (J.J.), FANNING (G.R.), DAVIS (B.R.), O'HARA (C.M.), RIDDLE (C.), HICKMAN-BRENNER (F.W.), ASBURY (M.A.), LOWERY III (V.A.) and BRENNER (D.J.): Escherichia fergusonii and Enterobacter taylorae, two new species of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1985, 21, 77-81.
Validation List no. 17 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online

Note: Escherichia fergusonii Farmer et al. 1985 was previously known as CDC Enteric Group 10.

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Escherichia hermannii Brenner et al. 1983, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33650= CCUG 15714 = CDC 980-72 = CIP 103176 = CIP 104946 = DSM 4560 = HAMBI 1693 = JCM 1473 = LMG 7867 = NCTC 12129.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: JN175345.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. hermannii, of Hermann, named in honor of George J. Hermann, former chief of the Enteric Section at the CDC, for his many contributions to enteric bacteriology, and Lloyd G. Herman, formerly of the Environmental Services Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, for his contributions to the study of yellow-pigmented bacteria.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 10. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 438-440.
Effective publication: BRENNER (D.J.), DAVIS (B.R.), STEIGERWALT (A.G.), RIDDLE (C.F.), McWHORTER (A.C.), ALLEN (S.D.), FARMER III (J.J.), SAITOH (Y.) and FANNING (G.R.): Atypical biogroups of Escherichia coli found in clinical specimens and description of Escherichia hermannii sp. nov. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1982, 15, 703-713.
Validation List no. 10 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online

Note: Escherichia hermannii Brenner et al. 1983 was previously known as CDC Enteric Group 11.

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Escherichia marmotae Liu et al. 2015, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) HT073016=CGMCC 1.12862=DSM 28771.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KJ787692.
Whole-genome sequence accession no. for the type strain: JNBP00000000.
Etymology: N.L. fem. n. marmotae, referring to the isolation of the type strain from the marmot Marmota himalayana.
Source: Animal.
Valid publication: LIU, S., JIN, D., LAN, R., WANG, Y., MENG, Q., DAI, H., LU, S., HU, S. and XU, J. 2015. Escherichia marmotae sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Marmota himalayana. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 2130-2134.
Original article in IJSEM Online

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Escherichia vulneris Brenner et al. 1983, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33821= CCUG 15715 = CDC 875-72 = CIP 103177 = DSM 4564 = HAMBI 1694 = JCM 1688 = LMG 7868 = NBRC 102420 = NCTC 12130.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF530476.
Etymology: L. n. vulnus, a wound; L. gen. n. vulneris, of a wound.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 10. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 438-440.
Effective publication: BRENNER (D.J.), McWHORTER (A.C.), LEETE KNUTSON (J.K.) and STEIGERWALT (A.G.): Escherichia vulneris: a new species of Enterobacteriaceae associated with human wounds. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1982, 15, 1133-1140.
Validation List no. 10 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online

Note: Escherichia vulneris Brenner et al. 1983 was previously known as CDC Enteric Group 1, or API group 2, or Alma group 1.

¤ Pseudescherichia vulneris (Brenner et al. 1983) Alnajar and Gupta 2017, comb. nov.

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