Genus Providencia
Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (→) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).
Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 10
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 0
Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").
For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).
Providencia Ewing 1962, genus.
Type species: ¤ Providencia alcalifaciens (de Salles Gomes 1944) Ewing 1962 (Approved Lists 1980).
Etymology: N.L. fem. n. Providencia, named after the city of Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: EWING (W.H.): The Tribe Proteae: its nomenclature and taxonomy. International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy, 1962, 12, 93-102.
Providencia alcalifaciens (de Salles Gomes 1944) Ewing 1962, species. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 9886= CCUG 6325 = CIP 82.90 = DSM 30120 = JCM 1673 = NCTC 10286.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ301684.
Synonyms: "Bacillus inconstans" Ornstein 1921, "Eberthella alcalifaciens" de Salles Gomes 1944, "Proteus inconstans" (Ornstein 1921) Shaw and Clarke 1955.
Etymology: N.L. n. alcali (from Arabic article al, the; Arabic n. qaliy, ashes of saltwort), alkali; L. part. adj. faciens, making; N.L. part. adj. alcalifaciens, alkali-producing.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 DE SALLES GOMES (L.): Sobre uma nova especie do genero Eberthella Buchanan de fezes pathologicas de crianca, Eberthella acalifaciens (n. sp.). Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 1944, 14, 182-195. 2 EWING (W.H.): The Tribe Proteae: its nomenclature and taxonomy. International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy, 1962, 12, 93-102.
= ¤ Proteus inconstans (Ornstein 1920) Shaw and Clarke 1955 (Approved Lists 1980).
Notes: Providencia alcalifaciens (de Salles Gomes 1944) Ewing 1962 (Approved Lists 1980) and ¤ Proteus inconstans (Ornstein 1920) Shaw and Clarke 1955 (Approved Lists 1980) have the same type strain and therefore are homotypic synonyms [Rules 24a and 24b (1)].
Providencia burhodogranariea Juneja and Lazzaro 2009, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) B = ATCC BAA-1590 = DSM 19968 = JCM 16940.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: HM038004.
Etymology: Gr. pref. bu-, big; Gr. pref. rhodo-, red; L. n. granaria, a barn; N.L. fem. adj. burhodogranariea, of the Big Red Barn, the name of the building where academic discussions of these bacteria were held.
Valid publication: JUNEJA (P.) and LAZZARO (B.P.): Providencia sneebia sp. nov. and Providencia burhodogranariea sp. nov., isolated from wild Drosophila melanogaster. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 1108-1111.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Providencia friedericiana Müller 1983, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 1/33 = DSM 2620 = NCTC 11667.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: not found
Etymology: N.L. fem. adj. friedericiana, derived from the German names Friederike and Friederich [most of the technical work of this study was done by Friederike Heimbach]).
Valid publication: MÜLLER (H.E.): Providencia friedericiana, a new species isolated from penguins. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 709-715.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Providencia rustigianii Hickman-Brenner et al. 1983.
Note: According to Hickman-Brenner et al. 1986, Providencia friedericiana Müller 1983 is a later heterotypic synonym of Providencia rustigianii Hickman-Brenner et al. 1983. In the paper by H.E. Müller 1983, an addendum in proof calls attention to the fact that the biochemical properties of strains of Providencia friedericiana seem to be very similar to those of Providencia rustigianii.
Reference: HICKMAN-BRENNER (F.W.), FANNING (G.R.), MÜLLER (H.E.) and BRENNER (D.J.): Priority of Providencia rustigianii Hickman-Brenner, Farmer, Steigerwalt, and Brenner 1983 over Providencia friedericiana Müller 1983. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 565.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Providencia heimbachae Müller et al. 1986, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) MUA 2-110 = ATCC 35613= CCUG 16446 = CDC 8025-83 = CIP 103031 = DSM 3591 = NCTC 12003.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AM040490.
Etymology: N.L. gen. fem. n. heimbachae, of Heimbach, named to honor Friederike Heimbach who isolated the 12 original strains of the species.
Valid publication: MÜLLER (H.E.), O'HARA (C.M.), FANNING (G.R.), HICKMAN-BRENNER (F.W.), SWENSON (J.M.) and BRENNER (D.J.): Providencia heimbachae, a new species of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from animals. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 252-256.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Providencia rettgeri (Hadley 1918) Brenner et al. 1978, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 29944= CCUG 14804 = CIP 103182 = DSM 4542 = JCM 1675 = LMG 3259 = NCTC 11801.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AM040492.
Synonym: "Bacterium rettgeri" Hadley 1918.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. rettgeri, of Rettger, named after L.F. Rettger, the American bacteriologist who first isolated the organism in 1904.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 HADLEY (P.), ELKINS (M.W.) and CALDWELL (D.W.): The colon-typhoid intermediates as causative agents of disease in birds: 1. The paratyphoid bacteria. Bulletin of the Rhode Island Agricultural Experimental Station, 1918, 174, 1-216. 2 BRENNER (D.J.), FARMER III (J.J.), FANNING (G.R.), STEIGERWALT (A.G.), KLYKKEN (P.), WATHEN (H.G.), HICKMAN (F.W.) and EWING (W.H.): Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness in species of Proteus and Providencia. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1978, 28, 269-282.
= ¤ Proteus rettgeri (Hadley et al. 1918) Rustigian and Stuart 1943 (Approved Lists 1980).
Note: Providencia rettgeri (Hadley et al. 1918) Brenner et al. 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) and Proteus rettgeri (Hadley et al. 1918) Rustigian and Stuart 1943 (Approved Lists 1980) have the same type strain and therefore are homotypic synonyms [Rules 24a and 24b (1)].
Providencia rustigianii Hickman-Brenner et al. 1983, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33673= CCUG 15723 = CDC 0132-68 = CIP 103032 = DSM 4541 = JCM 3953 = NCTC 11802.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AM040489.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. rustigianii of Rustigian, named in honor of Robert Rustigian who did early studies on the Proteus group.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 11. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 672-674.
Effective publication: HICKMAN-BRENNER (F.W.), FARMER III (J.J.), STEIGERWALT (A.G.) and BRENNER (D.J.): Providencia rustigianii: a new species in the family Enterobacteriaceae formerly known as Providencia alcalifaciens biogroup 3. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1983, 17, 1057-1060.
Validation List no. 11 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note: According to Hickman-Brenner et al. 1986, Providencia rustigianii Hickman-Brenner et al. 1983 is an earlier heterotypic synonym of ¤ Providencia friedericiana Müller 1983.
Reference: HICKMAN-BRENNER (F.W.), FANNING (G.R.), MÜLLER (H.E.) and BRENNER (D.J.): Priority of Providencia rustigianii Hickman-Brenner, Farmer, Steigerwalt, and Brenner 1983 over Providencia friedericiana Müller 1983. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 565.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Providencia sneebia Juneja and Lazzaro 2009, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) A = ATCC BAA-1589 = DSM 19967 = JCM 16941.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: HM038003.
Etymology: N.L. fem. adj. sneebia, of University SNEEB, a series of informal academic gatherings at Cornell University where properties of these bacteria were extensively discussed.
Valid publication: JUNEJA (P.) and LAZZARO (B.P.): Providencia sneebia sp. nov. and Providencia burhodogranariea sp. nov., isolated from wild Drosophila melanogaster. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 1108-1111.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Providencia stuartii (Buttiaux et al. 1954) Ewing 1962, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 29914= CCUG 14805 = CIP 104687 = DSM 4539 = LMG 3260 = NCTC 11800.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF008581.
Synonym: "Proteus stuartii" Buttiaux et al. 1954.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. stuartii, of Stuart, named after C.A. Stuart, American bacteriologist who did much of the early work on Providencia.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 BUTTIAUX (R.), OSTEUX (R.), FRESNOY (R.) and MORIAMEZ (J.): Les propriétés biochimiques charactéristiques du genre Proteus. Inclusion souhaitable des Providencia dans celui-ci. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris), 1954, 87, 375-386. 2 EWING (W.H.): The Tribe Proteae: its nomenclature and taxonomy. International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy, 1962, 12, 93-102.
Providencia thailandensis Khunthongpan et al. 2014, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) C1112T (KCTC 23281=NBRC 106720.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KC447298.
Etymology: N.L. fem. adj. thailandensis pertaining to Thailand, where the type strain was isolated.
Source: Industrial.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 159. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int. J Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 64 (2014), 2927-2929.
Validation List Online
Effective publication: KHUNTHONGPAN, S., SUMPAVAPOL, P., TANASUPAWAT, S., BENJAKUL, S. and H-Kittikun, A. 2013. Providencia thailandensis sp. nov., isolated from seafood processing wastewater. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 59, 185-190
Effective publication Online
Providencia vermicola Somvanshi et al. 2006, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) OP1 = CIP 108829 = DSM 17385.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AM040495.
Etymology: L. n. vermis, worm; L. suff. -cola from L. n. incola, inhabitant, dweller; N.L. n. vermicola, inhabitant of worms (Steinernema thermophilum).
Valid publication: SOMVANSHI (V.S.), LANG (E.), STRÄUBLER (B.), SPRÖER (C.), SCHUMANN (P.), GANGULY (S.), SAXENA (A.K.) and STACKEBRANDT (E.): Providencia vermicola sp. nov., isolated from infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema thermophilum. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 629-633.
Original article in IJSEM Online