Name: Actinomycetia Salam et al. 2020

Category: Class

Proposed as: class. nov.

Etymology: Ac.ti.no.my.ce’ti.a. N.L. masc. n. Actinomyces, type genus of the class; L. neut. pl. n. suff. -ia, ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n. Actinomycetia, the class of the order Actinomycetales

Gender: neuter

Type order: Actinomycetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980)

Valid publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.

IJSEM list: Oren A, Garrity GM. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 70, part 2 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:2967-2971.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP, illegitimate name

Taxonomic status: synonym

Correct name: Actinomycetes Krassilnikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980)

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Actinomycetes Krassilnikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980)	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Arabobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, rejected name
    Actinobacteria Stackebrandt et al. 1997	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, illegitimate name
    Arthrobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, rejected name

• Notes:
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Cryptosporangiales Nouioui et al. 2018 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Sporichthyales Nouioui et al. 2018 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Actinocatenisporales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Antricoccales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Aquipuribacterales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Beutenbergiales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Bogoriellales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Brevibacteriales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Cellulomonadales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Demequinales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Dermabacterales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Dermatophilales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Jatrophihabitantales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Microbacteriales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Motilibacterales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Phytomonosporales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Ruaniales Salam et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Micrococcales Prévot 1940 (Approved Lists 1980) to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Bifidobacteriales Stackebrandt et al. 1997 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Frankiales Sen et al. 2014 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Geodermatophilales Sen et al. 2014 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Acidothermales Sen et al. 2014 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Nakamurellales Sen et al. 2014 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Catenulisporales Donadio et al. 2015 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Corynebacteriales Goodfellow and Jones 2015 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Glycomycetales Labeda 2015 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Jiangellales Tang et al. 2015 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Kineosporiales Kämpfer 2015 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Micromonosporales Genilloud 2015 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Propionibacteriales (Rainey et al. 1997) Patrick and McDowell 2015 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Pseudonocardiales Labeda and Goodfellow 2015 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the order Streptosporangiales Goodfellow 2015 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the suborder Streptomycineae Rainey et al. 1997 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • Salam et al. (2020) assigned the suborder Streptomycetineae corrig. Rainey et al. 1997 to this class. Publication: Salam N, Jiao JY, Zhang XT, Li WJ. Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1331-1355.
  • The type order of this class has been placed in the class Actinomycetes Krassilnikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Arahal et al. Judicial Opinion No. 122. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5481.
  • The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Schizomycetes Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Winslow CE, Broadhurst J, Buchanan RE, Krumwiede C, Rogers LA, Smith GH. The Families and Genera of the Bacteria: Final Report of the Committee of the Society of American Bacteriologists on Characterization and Classification of Bacterial Types. J Bacteriol 1920; 5:191-229.
  • The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Schizomycetes Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Bergey DH, Harrison FC, Breed RS, Hammer BW, Huntoon FM. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1923.
  • The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Schizomycetes Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Burkholder WH. Genus I. Pseudomonas Migula. Bacterial plant pathogens. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Hitchens AP (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1948, p. 82-150.
  • The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Schizomycetes Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Waksman SA. Order V Actinomycetales. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 778.
  • The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Actinobacteria Stackebrandt et al. 1997. Publication: Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M. Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2007.
  • Actinomycetia Salam et al. 2020 is illegitimate because it is a later homotypic synonym of Actinomycetes Krassilnikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980). This name became legitimate by (i) the assignment of a type order in Judicial Opinion 119 and (ii) the ICSP decision that Rule 8 is non-retroactive regarding names of classes. Publication: Oren A. Proposal to designate the order Actinomycetales Buchanan 1917, 162 (Approved Lists 1980) as the nomenclatural type of the class Actinobacteria. Request for an Opinion. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3687-3688.
  • Referring to Nouioui et al. (2018), Salam et al. (2020) state that "In a more recent publication, more than 100 actinobacterial species were reclassified along with the proposals of 15 new genera, eight new families and two new orders using a genome-based phylogeny, besides rank reduction or elevation of few member strains [14]. Since the reclassification was restricted to species with genome sequences, species whose genomes are neither sequenced nor available in the public database were not incorporated in the taxonomic assessment." This statement misrepresents the study by Nouioui et al. (2018), as Nouioui et al. (2018) conducted comprehensive 16S rRNA gene analyses in addition to analyses of genome-sequenced taxa and used the results from these 16S rRNA gene analyses in their taxonomic assessments. Publication: Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M. Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2007.
  • This name was mentioned in a Request for an Opinion, which discussed its formation. Publication: Goker M. Solving the remaining problems with names of classes. Request for an Opinion. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5605.

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