Name: Firmibacteria Murray 1988

Category: Class

Proposed as: class. nov.

Etymology: Fir.mi.bac.te’ri.a. L. masc. adj. firmus, strong; N.L. neut. pl. n. bacteria, plural of bacterium; N.L. neut. pl. n. Firmibacteria, bacteria with a strong cell wall (not formed from a genus name)

Pronunciation, gender: fir-mi-bak-TE-ri-a, neuter

Type order: Bacillales Prévot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980)

Effective publication: Murray RGE. The higher taxa, or, a place for everything..? In: Krieg NR, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 1., The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1984, p. 31-34.

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Validation list no. 25. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1988; 38:220-222.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP, rejected name

Taxonomic status: synonym

Correct name: Bacilli Ludwig et al. 2010

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Desulfuribacillia Sorokin et al. 2021	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Alicyclobacillia Chuvochina et al. 2024	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    "Bacillia" Cavalier-Smith 2020	homotypic synonym, not validly published
    "Candidatus Izemoplasma" Zheng et al. 2021	heterotypic synonym, inaccurate spelling and not pro-validly published
    Teichobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, rejected name
    Bacilli Ludwig et al. 2010	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    "Candidatus Izemoplasmatia" corrig. Zheng et al. 2021	heterotypic synonym, not pro-validly published

• Notes:
  • 🧕 Murray (1984) assigned this class to the division Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Murray RGE. The higher taxa, or, a place for everything..? In: Krieg NR, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, first edition, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1984, p. 31-34.
  • 🧕 Murray (1984) assigned this class to the phylum "Firmicutes". Publication: Murray RGE. The higher taxa, or, a place for everything..? In: Krieg NR, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, first edition, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1984, p. 31-34.
  • 🛺 The type order of this class has been placed in the class Bacilli Ludwig et al. 2010. Publication: Tindall BJ. When treated as heterotypic synonyms the names Caryophanaceae Peshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) and Caryophanales Peshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) have priority over the names Planococcaceae Krasil'nikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980) and Bacillales Prevot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980) and Bacillales Prevot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980), respectively. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:2187-2195. 🇩🇪
  • 🚃 The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Bacilli Ludwig et al. 2010. Publication: Ludwig W, Schleifer K-H, Whitman WB. Class I. Bacilli class nov. In: De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, K.-H. S, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 3 (The Firmicutes), Springer, New York, 2009, p. 19-20. 🇧🇪
  • 🧍 Rejected name (Opinion 128). Part of "misfitting megaclassification". Publication: Goker M. Solving the remaining problems with names of classes. Request for an Opinion. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5605. 🇩🇪
  • 🧍 Tindall (2014): "Class [Bacilli]: type Bacillales Prévot 1953, shares the same type as Firmibacteria Murray 1988. Contravenes Rules 51b and 55 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (Lapage et al., 1992).". Publication: Tindall BJ. Names at the rank of class, subclass and order, their typification and current status: Supplementary information to Opinion 79. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3599-3602. 🇩🇪
  • 🧍 Irregularly formed name (not formed from the stem of the name of the nomenclatural type). Publication: Euzeby JP. List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47:590-592. 🇫🇷

Parent taxon: Bacillota Gibbons and Murray 2021

Assigned by: LPSN automated production system. The following publication is only one of the sources consulted. It may or may not mention this taxon name. — Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:5056. 🇮🇱

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Record number: 38