Name: Azospirillum Tarrand et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: A.zo.spi.ril’lum. N.L. neut. n. azotum, nitrogen; from French masc. n. azote, nitrogen; from Gr. pref. a-, not (inseparable prefix); from Gr. fem. n. zôê, life; from N.Gr. fem. n. azôê, not sustaining life; N.L. pref. azo-, pertaining to nitrogen (in compound words condensed from azotum); Gr. fem. n. speîra, a spiral; N.L. neut. dim. n. spirillum, a small spiral; N.L. neut. dim. n. Azospirillum, a small nitrogen spiral

Gender: neuter (stem: Azospirill-)

Type species: Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck 1925) Tarrand et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Tarrand JJ, Krieg NR, Dobereiner J. A taxonomic study of the Spirillum lipoferum group, with descriptions of a new genus, Azospirillum gen. nov. and two species, Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck) comb. nov. and Azospirillum brasilense sp. nov. Can J Microbiol 1978; 24:967-980.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Conglomeromonas Skerman et al. 1983	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Emendations:
  • Falk et al. 1985 Falk EC, Döbereiner J, Johnson JL, Krieg NR. Deoxyribonucleic acid homology of Azospirillum amazonense Magalhães et al. 1984 and emendation of the description of the genus Azospirillum. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1985; 35:117-118.

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Azospirillaceae Hördt et al. 2020. Publication: Hordt A, Lopez MG, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Schleuning M, Weinhold LM, Tindall BJ, Gronow S, Kyrpides NC, Woyke T, Goker M. Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:468.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the order Azospirillales Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0.
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (1981) assigned this genus to the subkingdom "Eubacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1981. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? Biosystems 1981; 14:461-481.
  • 🧕 Chuvochina et al. (2023) assigned this genus to the order Azospirillales Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0.
  • 🧕 Lavrinenko et al. (2010) assigned this genus to the family Rhodospirillaceae Pfennig and Trüper 1971 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Lavrinenko K, Chernousova E, Gridneva E, Dubinina G, Akimov V, Kuever J, Lysenko A, Grabovich M. Azospirillum thiophilum sp. nov., a diazotrophic bacterium isolated from a sulfide spring. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 60:2832-2837.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus "Spirillum" Hassall 1845. Publication: Beijerinck MW. Über ein Spirillum, welches freien Stickstoff binden kann? Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung II 1925; 63:353-359.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Awspirillum"; "Axnpirillum"; "Azoapirillum"; "Azopirillum"; "Azospidlum"; "Azospihllum"; "Azospinllum"; "Azospiriffum"; "Azospiriflum"; "Azospirilfum"; "Azospirilium"; "Azospirillim"; "Azospirillium"; "Azospirilllum"; "Azospiritlum"; "Azospirllum"; "Azospirullum"; "Azosplrillum".
  • 💁 Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of Mehnaz et al. (2007), Lin et al. (2016), Lin et al. (2009). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 15; LMG: 11; JCM: 9; KCTC: 8; CGMCC: 7; ATCC: 6; BCRC: 6; NBRC: 6; CCTCC: 5; VKM: 5.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🧍 Pittman et al. (1991) suggested the abbreviation "AZSP" for this genus name but this does not appear to be of practical relevance any longer. Publication: Pittman KF, Walczak CA, Lock CM. Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:571-579.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 25
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 27
Total number of child taxa: 37

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    "Azospirillum aestuarii" Xu et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    Azospirillum agricola Lin et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum amazonense Magalhães et al. 1984	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Azospirillum argentinense Dos Santos Ferreira et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum baldaniorum Dos Santos Ferreira et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum brasilense corrig. Tarrand et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum brasiliense Tarrand et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Azospirillum canadense Mehnaz et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum cavernae Zhu et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum doebereinerae Eckert et al. 2001	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Azospirillum endophyticum" Zhan et al. 2022	not validly published	preferred name
    Azospirillum fermentarium Lin et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum formosense Lin et al. 2012	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum griseum Yang et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum halopraeferens Reinhold et al. 1987	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Azospirillum himalayense" Tyagi and Singh 2014	not validly published	preferred name
    Azospirillum humicireducens Zhou et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum irakense Khammas et al. 1991	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Azospirillum isscasi Wang et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum largimobile corrig. (Skerman et al. 1983) Ben Dekhil et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum largomobile (Skerman et al. 1983) Ben Dekhil et al. 1997	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck 1925) Tarrand et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Azospirillum massiliense" corrig. Pagnier et al. 2008	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Azospirillum massiliensis" Pagnier et al. 2008	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Azospirillum melinis Peng et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Azospirillum oleiclasticum" Wu et al. 2020	not validly published	preferred name
    Azospirillum oryzae Xie and Yokota 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Azospirillum palatum" Zhou et al. 2009	not validly published	preferred name
    Azospirillum palustre Tikhonova et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum picis Lin et al. 2009	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum ramasamyi Anandham et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum rugosum Young et al. 2008	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum soli Lin et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Azospirillum tabaci" Duan et al. 2021	not validly published	preferred name
    Azospirillum thermophilum Zhao et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum thiophilum Lavrinenko et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Azospirillum zeae Mehnaz et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Azospirillaceae Hördt et al. 2020

Assigned by: Hordt A, Lopez MG, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Schleuning M, Weinhold LM, Tindall BJ, Gronow S, Kyrpides NC, Woyke T, Goker M. Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:468.

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Record number: 516973