Name: Frankia Brunchorst 1886 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: Fran’ki.a. N.L. fem. n. Frankia, named after Albert Bernhard Frank (1839-1900), a Swiss plant biologist, who studied extensively nitrogen nutrition in legumes and the micro-organisms causing root nodulation from 1877 to 1892 and who coined the term "symbiosis"

Gender, pronunciation (Latin): feminine (stem: Franki-), FRAN-ki-a

Type species: Frankia alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895 (Approved Lists 1980)

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Brunchorst J. Über einige Wurzelanschwellungen, besonders diejenigen von Alnus und den Elaegnaceen. Untersuchungen aus dem botanischen Institut in Tübingen 1886; 2:151-177.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Protofrankia Gtari 2023	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Pseudofrankia Gtari 2023	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Parafrankia Gtari 2023	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Frankiaceae Becking 1970 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Becking JH. Frankiaceae fam. nov. (Actinomycetales) with one new combination and six new species of the genus Frankia Brunchorst 1886, 174. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1970; 20:201-220.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the order Frankiales Sen et al. 2014. Publication: Sen A, Daubin V, Abrouk D, Gifford I, Berry AM, Normand P. Phylogeny of the class Actinobacteria revisited in the light of complete genomes. The orders 'Frankiales' and Micrococcales should be split into coherent entities: proposal of Frankiales ord. nov., Geodermatophilales ord. nov., Acidothermales ord. nov. and Nakamurellales ord. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3821-3832. 🇫🇷
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the suborder Frankineae Stackebrandt et al. 1997. Publication: Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL. Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1997; 47:479-491. 🇩🇪
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the suborder Frankiineae corrig. Stackebrandt et al. 1997. Publication: Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL. Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1997; 47:479-491. 🇩🇪
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned this genus to the order Streptomycetales Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
  • 🧕 Goodfellow and Williams (1983) assigned this genus to the uncategorized "Multilocular" Goodfellow and Williams 1983. Publication: Goodfellow M, Williams ST. Ecology of actinomycetes. Annu Rev Microbiol 1983; 37:189-216.
  • 🧕 Goodfellow et al. (2012) assigned this genus to the phylum "Actinobacteria" Goodfellow 2012. Publication: Goodfellow M. Phylum XXVI. Actinobacteria phyl. nov. In: Goodfellow M, Kämpfer P, H.-J. B, Trujillo ME, Suzuki K, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 5, Springer, New York, 2012, p. 33-34. 🇬🇧
  • 🧕 Sen et al. (2014) assigned this genus to the order Frankiales Sen et al. 2014. Publication: Sen A, Daubin V, Abrouk D, Gifford I, Berry AM, Normand P. Phylogeny of the class Actinobacteria revisited in the light of complete genomes. The orders 'Frankiales' and Micrococcales should be split into coherent entities: proposal of Frankiales ord. nov., Geodermatophilales ord. nov., Acidothermales ord. nov. and Nakamurellales ord. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3821-3832. 🇫🇷
  • 🧕 Stackebrandt et al. (1997) assigned this genus to the suborder Frankiineae corrig. Stackebrandt et al. 1997. Publication: Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL. Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1997; 47:479-491. 🇩🇪
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus [Schinzia]. Publication: Woronin M. Über die bei der Schwarzerle (Alnus glutinosa) und der gewöhnlichen Garten-Lupine (Lupinus mutabilis) auftretenden, Wurzelanschwellungen. Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences St Petersburg 1866; 10:1-10.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Erankia"; "Fankia"; "Frallkia"; "Frnkia"; "Offrankia".
  • 💁 Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of Nouioui et al. (2018), Normand et al. (2023), Gtari (2022). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 18; CECT: 16; NRRL: 2; LMG: 2.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 💥 This name is a homonym of Frankia Steud. ex Steud. (botanical); Frankia Bertero ex Steud. (botanical); Frankia McCulloch, 1977 (zoological) [from Catalogue of Life].
  • 🧍 Pittman et al. (1991) suggested the abbreviation "FRNK" for this genus name but this does not appear to be of practical relevance any longer. Publication: Pittman KF, Walczak CA, Lock CM. Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:571-579.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 17
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 17
Total number of child taxa: 24

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Frankia alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP, lectotype	correct name
    "Candidatus Frankia alpina" Pozzi et al. 2020	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Frankia asymbiotica Nouioui et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Frankia californiensis" Normand et al. 2017	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Frankia canadensis Normand et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Frankia casuarinae Nouioui et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Frankia colletiae Nouioui et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Frankia coriariae Nouioui et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Frankia datiscae" Persson et al. 2011	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Frankia discariae Nouioui et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Frankia elaeagni" (ex Becking 1970) Lalonde et al. 1988	not validly published	synonym
    Frankia elaeagni Nouioui et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Frankia gtarii Nouioui et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Frankia inefficax Nouioui et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Frankia irregularis Nouioui et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Frankia meridionalis" Nguyen et al. 2019	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Frankia nepalensis Nouioui et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Frankia nodulisporulans" Herrera-Belaroussi et al. 2020	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Frankia saprophytica Nouioui et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Frankia soli Gtari et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Frankia subtilis" Brunchorst 1886	not validly published	synonym
    Frankia tisai Nouioui et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Frankia torreyi Nouioui et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Frankia umida Normand et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Frankiaceae Becking 1970 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Becking JH. Frankiaceae fam. nov. (Actinomycetales) with one new combination and six new species of the genus Frankia Brunchorst 1886, 174. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1970; 20:201-220.

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Record number: 515654