Name: Halobacterium Elazari-Volcani 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: Ha.lo.bac.te.ri.um. Gr. masc. n. hals (gen. halos), the sea, salt; N.L. neut. n. bacterium, a small rod; N.L. neut. n. Halobacterium, salt (-requiring) bacterium

Gender: neuter (stem: Halobacteri-)

Type species: Halobacterium salinarum corrig. (Harrison and Kennedy 1922) Elazari-Volcani 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Elazari-Volcani B. Genus XII. Halobacterium. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 207-212.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Halobacter" Anderson 1954	heterotypic synonym, not validly published

• Emendations:
  • Kamekura and Dyall-Smith 1995 Kamekura M, Dyall-Smith ML. Taxonomy of the family Halobacteriaceae and the description of two new genera Halorubrobacterium and Natrialba. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 1995; 41:333-350.
    Notes:
    • ⊖ Emendation accompanied by the removal of 4 species from the genus.
    • 🧍 As of 2025-03-20 this emendation was not yet included in an IJSEM List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion. — 🧍 Validation list no. 57 does not mention the emendation proposed by Kamekura and Dyall-Smith.
  • Oren et al. 2009 Oren A, Arahal DR, Ventosa A. Emended descriptions of genera of the family Halobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:637-642. Euzeby JP. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 59, part 3 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:1259-1261.

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the class Halobacteria Grant et al. 2002. Publication: Grant WD, Kamekura M, McGenity TJ, Ventosa A. Class III. Halobacteria class. nov. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria), Springer, New York, 2001, p. 294-334.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Halobacteriaceae Gibbons 1974 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Gibbons NE. Family V. Halobacteriaceae. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 269-272.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the order Halobacteriales Grant and Larsen 1989. Publication: Grant WD, Larsen H. Group 111. Extremely halophilic archaeobacteria. Order Halobacteriales ord. nov. In: Staley JT, Bryant MP, Pfennig N, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 3., The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1989, p. 2216-2218.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the phylum Halobacteriota Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0.
  • 🧕 Breed et al. (1957) assigned this genus to the family Pseudomonadaceae Winslow et al. 1917 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Elazari-Volcani B. Genus XII. Halobacterium Elazari-Volcani, 1940. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, seventh edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 207-212.
  • 🧕 Chuvochina et al. (2023) assigned this genus to the phylum Halobacteriota Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0.
  • 🧕 Grant and Larsen (1989) assigned this genus to the order Halobacteriales Grant and Larsen 1989. Publication: Grant WD, Larsen H. Group 111. Extremely halophilic archaeobacteria. Order Halobacteriales ord. nov. In: Staley JT, Bryant MP, Pfennig N, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 3., The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1989, p. 2216-2218.
  • 🧕 Osawa and Hori (1979) assigned this genus to the kingdom "Metabacteria" Osawa and Hori 1979. Publication: Osawa S, Hori H. Molecular evolution of ribosomal components. In: Chambliss G, Craven GR, Davies J, Davis K, Kahan L, Nomura M (eds), Ribosomes: Structure, Function and Genetics, Univ. Park Press, Baltimore, 1979, p. 333-355.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus Serratia Bizio 1823 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Lochhead AG. Bacteriological studies on the red discoloration of salted hides. Canadian Journal of Research 1934; 10:275-286.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus Pseudomonas Migula 1894 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Harrison FC, Kennedy ME. The red discolouration of cured codfish. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Canada, Section 5 1922; 16:101-152.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus "Halobacter" Anderson 1954. Publication: Anderson H. The reddening of salted hides and fish. Appl Microbiol 1954; 2:64-69.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus "Bacterium" Ehrenberg 1831. Publication: Petter HFM. On bacteria of salted fish. Proceedings Academy of Science, Amsterdam 1931; 34:1417-1423.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Halabacterium"; "Halabactmum"; "Halibacterlum"; "Halobacetrium"; "Halobacierium"; "Halobaclerium"; "Halobaclerlum"; "Halobactcnum"; "Halobactcrium"; "Halobacteirum"; "Halobactenum"; "Halobactenurn"; "Halobacterirtm"; "Halobacterlum"; "Halobacterzum"; "Halobactetium"; "Halobactmum"; "Halobactnium"; "Halobacttrium"; "Halobacwrium"; "Halobaczerium"; "Halobatterium"; "Halobucterium"; "Halobuctrium"; "Halocaterium"; "Halohactcrium"; "Halohacterium"; "Halubacterium"; "Hatobacterium"; "Havobactcrium"; "Hawbacterium"; "Hnlobncterium"; "Hulobacterium"; "Hulobacteriuni"; "Hulobactevium"; "Hulobucterium"; "Huluhacterium"; "Ilalobacterium".
  • 🖹 Minimal standards for the description of new taxa in this group were published in 2024. Publication: Cui HL, Hou J, Amoozegar MA, Dyall-Smith ML, de la Haba RR, Minegishi H, Montalvo-Rodriguez R, Oren A, Sanchez-Porro C, Ventosa A, et al. Proposed minimal standards for description of new taxa of the class Halobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74:6290.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Oren A, Ventosa A. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:289-290.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Oren A, Arahal DR, Ventosa A. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Halobacteria and Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Halomonadaceae. Minutes of the joint open meeting, 28 June 2022, Alicante, Spain. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5584.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Oren A, Ventosa A. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteria and subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halomonadaceae. Minutes of the joint open meeting, 26 June 2019, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:3657-3661.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Oren A, Ventosa A. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae. Minutes of the meetings, 16 August 1999, Sydney, Australia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:1405-1407.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Oren A, Ventosa A. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae and Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halomonadaceae. Minutes of the meeting 30 June 2010, Beijing, China. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2010; 60:2257-2259.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Arahal DR, Oren A, Ventosa A. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae and Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halomonadaceae Minutes of the joint open meeting, 6 September 2011, Sapporo, Japan. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2011; 61:2792-2795.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Oren A, Ventosa A. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae and subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halomonadaceae. Minutes of the joint open meeting, 23 May 2016, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:4291-4295.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: . International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:289-290.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Nair GB, Holmes B. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:289-290.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Oren A, Ventosa A. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes; Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae; Minutes of the meetings, 5 September 2004, Ljubljana, Slovenia. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2005; 55:543-544.
  • 💁 Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of Wang et al. (2023). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: JCM: 23; DSM: 15; ATCC: 15; VKM: 13; NCIMB: 10; NBRC: 8; CGMCC: 8; CIP: 8; IFO: 6; NCCB: 3.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🧍 Pittman et al. (1991) suggested the abbreviation "HLBT" for this genus name but this does not appear to be of practical relevance any longer. Publication: Pittman KF, Walczak CA, Lock CM. Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:571-579.
  • 🧍 See also Gibbons (1974). Publication: Gibbons NE. Family Halobacteriaceae. In: Buchanan R, Gibbons N (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 269-272.
  • 🧍 P. DasSarma and S. DasSarma 2008 [1], propose to rename the genus Halobacterium as "Haloarchaeum", to reflect its membership in the archaeal rather than the bacterial domain. Publication: DasSarma P, DasSarma S. On the origin of prokaryotic "species": the taxonomy of halophilic Archaea. Saline Syst 2008; 4:5.
  • 🧍 This change is in violation of the General Considerations, Principles and Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria [2], and it not validly published. Publication: Oren A. Nomenclature and taxonomy of halophilic archaea--comments on the proposal by DasSarma and DasSarma for nomenclatural changes within the order Halobacteriales. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:2245-2246.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 9
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 22
Total number of child taxa: 27

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Halobacterium bonnevillei Myers and King 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Halobacterium cutirubrum (Lochhead 1934) Elazari-Volcani 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium denitrificans Tomlinson et al. 1986	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium distributum corrig. Zvyagintseva and Tarasov 1989	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium distributus Zvyagintseva and Tarasov 1989	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Halobacterium halobium (Petter 1931) Elazari-Volcani 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Halobacterium hubeiense" Jaakkola et al. 2016	not validly published	synonym (and no standing)
    Halobacterium hubeiense León et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Halobacterium jilantaiense Yang et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Halobacterium lacusprofundi Franzmann et al. 1989	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium litoreum Lü et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Halobacterium marismortui" Elazari-Volcani 1957	not validly published	preferred name (not correct name)
    Halobacterium mediterranei Rodriguez-Valera et al. 1983	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium noricense Gruber et al. 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Halobacterium pharaonis Soliman and Trüper 1983	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium piscisalsi Yachai et al. 2008	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium rubrum Han and Cui 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Halobacterium saccharovorum Tomlinson and Hochstein 1977 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium salinarium (Harrison and Kennedy 1922) Elazari-Volcani 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Halobacterium salinarum corrig. (Harrison and Kennedy 1922) Elazari-Volcani 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Halobacterium sodomense Oren 1983	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium trapanicum (Petter 1931) Elazari-Volcani 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium vallismortis González et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium volcanii Mullakhanbhai and Larsen 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Halobacterium wangiae Wang et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Halobacterium yunchengense" Cui et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name (not correct name)
    Halobacterium zhouii Wang et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Halobacteriaceae Gibbons 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Gibbons NE. Family V. Halobacteriaceae. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 269-272.

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Record number: 517048