Name: "Candidatus Phytoplasma" Firrao et al. 2004

Category: Genus

Proposed as: Candidatus

Etymology: Phy.to.plas’ma. N.L. neut. n. Phytoplasma, from phytos, Greek for plant and plasma, Greek for thing moulded

Gender, pronunciation (Latin): neuter (stem: Phytoplasmat-), p^hy-to-PLAS-ma

Type species: "Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris" Lee et al. 2004

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Pro-valid publication: The Irpcm Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team-Phytoplasma Taxonomy Group. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1243-1255. 🇮🇹

IJSEM list: Oren A, Garrity GM, Parker CT, Chuvochina M, Trujillo ME. Candidatus list no. 1. Lists of names of prokaryotic Candidatus taxa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3956-4042.

Nomenclatural status: not validly published

Nomenclatural pro-status: pro-validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: pro-correct name

Risk group: 1

• Notes:
  • 🧕 Krieg et al. (2010) assigned this genus to the order Acholeplasmatales (Edward and Freundt 1970) Freundt et al. 1984. Publication: Krieg NR. Order I. Bacteroidales ord. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25. 🇺🇸
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Phytcoplasma"; "Phytoplamsa"; "Phytoplasm"; "Pmtoplasma"; "Pytoplasma".
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: May M, Brown DR. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Mollicutes: Minutes of the closed meeting, 8 July 2018, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:2169-2171. 🇺🇸
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: May M, Brown DR. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Mollicutes. Minutes of the closed meeting, 3rd July 2016, Brisbane, Australia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2482-2484. 🇺🇸
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: May M, Brown DR. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Mollicutes: minutes of the meetings (closed and open), 1 and 5 June 2014, Blumenau SC, Brazil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3904-3906. 🇺🇸
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Firrao G, Brown DR. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Mollicutes: Minutes of the meetings, July 15th and 19th 2012, Toulouse, France. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:2361-2364. 🇺🇸
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Gasparich GE, Kuo C-H, Manso-Silván L, Blanchard A, Balish MF. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes: minutes of the closed meeting, 7 July 2024, Gran Canaria, Spain. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2024; 74:0. 🇺🇸
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🧍 See also Kirdat et al. (2023). Publication: Kirdat K, Tiwarekar B, Sathe S, Yadav A. From sequences to species: Charting the phytoplasma classification and taxonomy in the era of taxogenomics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123783. 🇮🇳
  • 🧍 See also Wei and Zhao (2022). Publication: Wei W, Zhao Y. Phytoplasma Taxonomy: Nomenclature, Classification, and Identification. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:0. 🇺🇸
  • 🧍 See Bertaccini et al. (2022) for taxonomic guidelines on the genus. Publication: Bertaccini A, Arocha-Rosete Y, Contaldo N, Duduk B, Fiore N, Montano HG, Kube M, Kuo CH, Martini M, Oshima K, et al. Revision of the 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' species description guidelines. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5353. 🇮🇹

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 0
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 0
Total number of child taxa: 76

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma acrocomiae" corrig. Soto et al. 2021	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma aculeata" Soto et al. 2021	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma allocasuarinae" Marcone et al. 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum" Lee et al. 2006	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma arecae" Song et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma asiaticum" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris" Lee et al. 2004	not validly published, lectotype	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia" Zreik et al. 1995	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma australamericanum" corrig. Davis et al. 2012	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia" White et al. 1998	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiaticum" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiaticum" corrig. White et al. 1998	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense" Davis et al. 1997	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma balanitae" Win et al. 2013	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma balanitis" corrig. Win et al. 2013	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma bonamiae" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense" Montano et al. 2001	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma caricae" Arocha et al. 2005	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma castaneae" Jung et al. 2002	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma cirsii" Šafárová et al. 2016	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma citri" corrig. Zreik et al. 1995	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma cocoinigeriae" corrig. Firrao et al. 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma cocoitanzaniae" corrig. Firrao et al. 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma cocosnigeriae" Firrao et al. 2004	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma cocostanzaniae" Firrao et al. 2004	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma convolvuli" Martini et al. 2012	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma costaricanum" Lee et al. 2011	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma crotalariae" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis" Marcone et al. 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma dypsidis" Jones et al. 2021	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma fabacearum" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma fragariae" Valiunas et al. 2006	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini" Griffiths et al. 1999	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma gossypii" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma graminis" Arocha et al. 2005	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma hispanicum" Davis et al. 2016	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma hispanola" Soto et al. 2021	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum" Sawayanagi et al. 1999	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma luffae" Firrao et al. 2004	not validly published	synonym
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma luffae" Davis et al. 2017	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma lycopersici" Arocha et al. 2007	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma malaysianum" Nejat et al. 2013	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma mali" Seemüller and Schneider 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma melaleucae" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma meliae" Fernández et al. 2016	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma noviguineense" Miyazaki et al. 2018	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma omanense" Al-Saady et al. 2008	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma oryzae" Jung et al. 2003	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae" Firrao et al. 2004	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola" Harrison et al. 2014	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma periplocae" Siampour et al. 2026	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium" Verdin et al. 2003	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma pini" Schneider et al. 2005	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma planchoniae" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni" Firrao et al. 2004	not validly published	synonym
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni" Davis et al. 2013	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum" Seemüller and Schneider 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri" Seemüller and Schneider 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma rhamni" Marcone et al. 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma rubi" Malembic-Maher et al. 2011	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma sacchari" Kirdat et al. 2021	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma solani" Quaglino et al. 2013	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma solani" Firrao et al. 2004	not validly published	synonym
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma spartii" Marcone et al. 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma stylosanthis" Rodrigues Jardim et al. 2021	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma sudamericanum" Davis et al. 2012	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma tamaricis" Zhao et al. 2009	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii" Hiruki and Wang 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma tritici" Zhao et al. 2021	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi" Lee et al. 2004	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma vaccinium" Trickle et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma vignae" Rodrigues Jardim et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis" Firrao et al. 2004	not validly published	synonym
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis" Marzorati et al. 2006	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma wodyetiae" Naderali et al. 2017	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi" Jung et al. 2003	not validly published	pro-correct name

Parent taxon: Acholeplasmataceae Edward and Freundt 1970 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: The Irpcm Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team-Phytoplasma Taxonomy Group. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1243-1255. 🇮🇹

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Record number: 521616