Name: Spirulina Turpin ex Gomont 1892

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: Spi.ru.li’na. N.L. fem. dim. n. Spirulina, a cyanobacterial genus

Gender, pronunciation (Latin): feminine (stem: Spirulin-), spi-ru-LI-na

Type species: Spirulina major Kützing ex Gomont 1892

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Gomont M. Monographie des Oscillariées (Nostocacées Homocystées) deuxiéme partie -Lyngbyées. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, Série 7 1892; 16:91-264.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)

Taxonomic status: correct name

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Paraspirulina" Walter et al. 2017	heterotypic synonym, not validly published

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Spirulinaceae (Gomont 1892) Hoffmann et al. 2005. Publication: Hoffmann L, Komárek J, Kaštovský J. System of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacteria) – state in 2004. Algol. Stud. 2005; 117:95-115. 🇱🇺
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the order Spirulinales Komárek et al. 2014. Publication: Komárek J, Kaštovský J, Mareš J, Johansen JR. Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 2014; 86:295-335. 🇨🇿
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the subfamily Spirulinoideae corrig. Forti 1907. Publication: Forti A. Myxophyceae. In: De Toni JB (eds), Sylloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum Vol. 5, Sumptibus auctoris, Padova, 1907, p. 1-761.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the subfamily Spirulineae Forti 1907. Publication: Forti A. Myxophyceae. In: De Toni JB (eds), Sylloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum Vol. 5, Sumptibus auctoris, Padova, 1907, p. 1-761.
  • 🧕 Boone et al. (2001) assigned this genus to the class "Cyanobacteria". Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166. 🇺🇸
  • 🧕 Elenkin (1949) assigned this genus to the family Oscillatoriaceae Engler 1898. Publication: Elenkin AA. Sinezeleniye vodorosli SSSR. Monografiya presnovodnykh i nazemnykh S'yanofiseaye, obnaruzhennykh v predelakh SSSR. Spetsial'naya (sistematicheskaya) chast', vyp. II. III. Hormogoneae (Geitl.) Elenk. (okonchaniye). Izdate'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1949.
  • 🧕 Forti (1907) assigned this genus to the subfamily Spirulinoideae corrig. Forti 1907. Publication: Forti A. Sylloge Myxophycearum. In: De Toni JB (eds), Sylloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum. Vol. V, Sumptibus auctoris, Patavii, 1907, p. 1-761.
  • 🧕 Geitler (1925) assigned this genus to the family Oscillatoriaceae Engler 1898. Publication: Geitler L. Synoptische Darstellung der Cyanophyceen in morphologischer und systematischer Hinsicht. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 1925; 41:163-294.
  • 🧕 Komarek et al. (2014) assigned this genus to the order Spirulinales Komárek et al. 2014. Publication: Komárek J, Kaštovský J, Mareš J, Johansen JR. Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 2014; 86:295-335. 🇨🇿
  • 🧒 Schiller (1956) assigned the section "Nodospira" Schiller 1956 to this genus. Publication: Schiller J. Die Mikroflora der Roten Tümpel auf den Koralleninseln Los Aves im karibischen Meer. In: Gessner F, Vareschi V (eds), Ergebnisse der deutschen limnologischen Venezuela-Expedition 1952. Bd 1 Vol. 1, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1956, p. 197-216.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Bpirulina"; "Sfirulina"; "Sflirulina"; "Sibirulina"; "Siprulina"; "Sphrulina"; "Spimlina"; "Spinilina"; "Spiralina"; "Spiriilina"; "Spirilina"; "Spirnlina"; "Spirolaenia"; "Spirtlina"; "Spirudina"; "Spirufina"; "Spiruina"; "Spirukina"; "Spiruliea"; "Spirulirza"; "Spiruliua"; "Spiruljna"; "Spirullina"; "Spirullna"; "Spirulma"; "Spirutina"; "Spirvlina"; "Spitulina"; "Spiulina"; "Sprirulina"; "Syirulina"; "Xpirulina".
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: UTEX: 2; CCALA: 1; SAG: 1; PCC: 1.
  • 🧍 According to Komarek and Golubic (1990) originally assigned to Cyanobacteria but maybe protozoa, maybe pollen grains (Drouet 1968). Publication: Komarek J, Golubic S. Guide to the Nomenclature and formal taxonomic treatment of oxyphototroph prokaryotes (Cyanoprokaryotes). Unknown Publisher, Unknown City, 1990.
  • 🧍 Pittman et al. (1991) suggested the abbreviation "SRUL" for this genus name but this does not appear to be of practical relevance any longer. Publication: Pittman KF, Walczak CA, Lock CM. Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:571-579.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 48
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 58
Total number of child taxa: 63

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Spirulina abbreviata Lemmermann 1895	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    "Spirulina adriatica" Hansgirg 1890	not validly published	preferred name
    Spirulina aeruginea Buell 1938	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina agilis Kufferath 1914	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina allansonii Welsh 1961	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina amethystina Buell 1938	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina attenuata Umezaki 1952	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina baltica Martens and Pankow 1972	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina breviarticulata (Setchell and Gardner 1918) Geitler 1932	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina cabrerae González Guerrero 1946	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina caldaria Tilden 1898	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina cavanillesiana González Guerrero 1946	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina condensata Welsh 1964	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina corakiana Playfair 1914	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina curta (Lemmermann 1908) Geitler 1925	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	synonym
    "Spirulina duplex" Wolle 1887	not validly published	synonym
    Spirulina fusiformis Woronichin 1934	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	synonym
    Spirulina gessneri Schiller 1956	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina gigantea Schmidle 1903	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	synonym
    Spirulina gomontiana (Setchell 1895) Geitler 1925	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina gomontii Gutwinski 1902	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina gordiana González Guerrero 1946	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina innatans Welsh 1961	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus 1763) Gomont 1892	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina laxa Smith 1916	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	synonym
    Spirulina laxissima West 1907	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	synonym
    Spirulina legitima Schiller 1956	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina limpida Pringsheim 1963	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina magnifica (Copeland 1936) Anagnostidis 2001	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina major Kützing ex Gomont 1892	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina margaritae Frémy 1927	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina mariae Margalef 1953	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina massartii (Kufferath 1914) Geitler 1925	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina maxima Bernard 1909	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina maxima (Setchell and Gardner 1917) Geitler 1932	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code), illegitimate name, later homonym	synonym
    Spirulina meneghiniana Zanardini ex Gomont 1892	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina minima Wurtz 1947	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina naegelii (Brügger 1863) Kirchner 1898	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina neumannii Schmidle 1901	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina nodosa Schiller 1956	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina nordstedtii Gomont 1892	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	synonym
    Spirulina okensis (Meyer 1926) Geitler 1932	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	synonym
    Spirulina platensis Geitler 1925	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina princeps West and West 1902	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina pseudovacuolata Utermöhl ex Koppe 1924	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	synonym
    Spirulina raphidioides Geitler 1959	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	synonym
    Spirulina regis Hoffmann 1991	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina robusta Welsh 1965	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina rosea Crouan and Crouan ex Gomont 1892	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina schroederi Koppe 1924	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina sigmoidea Schiller 1956	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina socialis Gardner 1932	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina spirulinoides (Ghose 1924) Geitler 1925	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina stagnicola Drouet 1937	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina subsalsa Oersted ex Gomont 1892	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina supersalsa Schiller 1956	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina tenerrima Kützing ex Gomont 1892	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    "Spirulina tenuissima" Kuetzing 1836	not validly published	preferred name
    "Spirulina thuretii" Crouan and Crouan 1854	not validly published	preferred name
    "Spirulina vaginata" Trono 1961	not validly published	preferred name
    Spirulina vaginata Kaiser 1918	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina versicolor Cohn ex Gomont 1892	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name
    Spirulina weissii Drouet 1942	validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)	correct name

Parent taxon: Spirulinaceae (Gomont 1892) Hoffmann et al. 2005

Assigned by: Strunecky O, Ivanova AP, Mares J. An updated classification of cyanobacterial orders and families based on phylogenomic and polyphasic analysis. J Phycol 2023; 59:12-51. 🇨🇿

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Record number: 6344