Name: Xanthomonas Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: Xan.tho’mo.nas. Gr. masc. adj. xanthos, yellow; L. fem. n. monas, unit, monad; N.L. fem. n. Xanthomonas, yellow monad

Gender, pronunciation: feminine (stem: Xanthomonad-), ksan-T^HO-mo-nas

Type species: Xanthomonas campestris (Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980)

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Dowson WJ. On the systematic position and generic names of the Gram negative bacterial plant pathogens. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung II 1939; 100:177-193.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Phytomonas" Bergey et al. 1923	homotypic synonym, not validly published

• Emendations:
  • van den Mooter and Swings 1990 Van den Mooter M, Swings J. Numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 Xanthomonas strains and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1990; 40:348-369. 🇧🇪
    Notes:
    • ⊕ Emendation accompanied by the proposal of 1 new species in the genus.
  • Vauterin et al. 1995 Vauterin L, Hoste B, Kersters K, Swings J. Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1995; 45:472-489. 🇧🇪 Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 45, part 3 of the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995; 45:881.
    Notes:
    • ⊕ Emendation accompanied by the proposal of 14 new species in the genus.
  • Bansal et al. 2023 Bansal K, Kumar S, Singh A, Chaudhary A, Patil PB. Redefining the Taxonomic Boundaries of Genus Xanthomonas. Taxonomy 2023; 3:452-465. 🇮🇳
    Notes:
    • 🧍 As of 2025-12-16 this emendation was not yet included in an IJSEM List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion.

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Xanthomonadaceae Saddler and Bradbury 2005. Publication: Saddler GS, Bradbury JF. Family I. Xanthomonadaceae fam. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 63. 🇺🇸
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the order Xanthomonadales Saddler and Bradbury 2005. Publication: Saddler GS, Bradbury JF. Order III. Xanthomonadales ord. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 63. 🇺🇸
  • 🧕 Breed et al. (1948) assigned this genus to the tribe Pseudomonadeae Kluyver and Van Niel 1936 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Burkholder WH. Genus I. Pseudomonas Migula. Bacterial plant pathogens. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Hitchens AP (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1948, p. 82-150.
  • 🧕 Breed et al. (1957) assigned this genus to the family Pseudomonadaceae Winslow et al. 1917 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Parker CD. Genus V. Thiobacillus Beijerinck 1904. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 83-88.
  • 🧕 Brenner et al. (2005) assigned this genus to the family Xanthomonadaceae Saddler and Bradbury 2005. Publication: Saddler GS, Bradbury JF. Family I. Xanthomonadaceae fam. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 63. 🇺🇸
  • 🧕 Brenner et al. (2005) assigned this genus to the order Xanthomonadales Saddler and Bradbury 2005. Publication: Saddler GS, Bradbury JF. Order III. Xanthomonadales ord. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 63. 🇺🇸
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (1981) assigned this genus to the subkingdom "Eubacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1981. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? Biosystems 1981; 14:461-481.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus Bacillus Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Pammel LH. Bacteriosis of rutabaga (Bacillus campestris n. sp.). Bulletin of the Iowa State College Agricultural Experiment Station 1895; 27:130-134.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus "Phytomonas" Bergey et al. 1923. Publication: Bergey DH, Harrison FC, Breed RS, Hammer BW, Huntoon FM. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1923.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Aanthomonas"; "Bnthomonas"; "Kanthomonas"; "Multhomonas"; "Santhomonas"; "Xaiithomonas"; "Xamhomonas"; "Xamthomonas"; "Xanahomonas"; "Xanathomonas"; "Xanchomonas"; "Xanihomonas"; "Xanlhamonas"; "Xanlhomonas"; "Xanrhomonas"; "Xanthamonas"; "Xanthoinonas"; "Xanthoiuonas"; "Xanthomanas"; "Xanthomnnas"; "Xanthomoaas"; "Xanthomona"; "Xanthomonaa"; "Xanthomonae"; "Xanthomonax"; "Xanthomonis"; "Xanthomons"; "Xanthomontss"; "Xanthomonus"; "Xanthomouas"; "Xanthomvnas"; "Xanthonionas"; "Xantltomonas"; "Xantlzomonas"; "Xantomonas"; "Xanzhomonas"; "Xanzlzomonas"; "Xanzthomonas"; "Xarithomonas"; "Xarzthomonas"; "Xathomonas"; "Xauthomonas"; "Xcinthomonas"; "Xdnthomonas"; "Ximthomonas"; "Xonthomonas"; "Xunlhomonas"; "Xunthomonas"; "Xunthomonus"; "Xunthouionas"; "Xunzhomonas"; "Xznthomonas".
  • 🖹 Minimal standards for the description of new taxa in this group were published in 1991. Publication: Young JM, Bradbury JF, Gardan L, Gvozdyak RI, Stead DE, Takikawa Y, Vidaver AK. Comment on the reinstatement of Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 and X. phaseoli (ex Smith 1897) Gabriel et al. 1989: indication of the need for minimal standards for the genus Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1991; 41:172-177. 🇳🇿
  • 🖹 Minimal standards for the description of new taxa in this group were published in 1991. Publication: Young JM, Bradbury JF, Gardan L, Gvozdyak RI, Stead DE, Takikawa Y, Vidaver AK. Comment on the Reinstatement of Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 and X. phaseoli (ex Smith 1897) Gabriel et al. 1989: Indication of the Need for Minimal Standards for the Genus Xanthomonas. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1991; 41:172-177. 🇳🇿
  • 💁 Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of Harrison et al. (2023), Vauterin et al. (1995), Timilsina et al. (2019). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • 🧬 The phylogenomic assignment score of this taxon is 0.17519 (N = 1).
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: LMG: 47; ICMP: 44; DSM: 32; NCPPB: 31; ATCC: 29; CFBP: 28; CCUG: 7; CIP: 6; JCM: 5; NBIMCC: 4.
  • 🧍 Pittman et al. (1991) suggested the abbreviation "XNMN" for this genus name but this does not appear to be of practical relevance any longer. Publication: Pittman KF, Walczak CA, Lock CM. Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:571-579.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 40
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 48
Total number of child taxa: 86

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    "Xanthomonas acernea" (Ogawa 1937) Hauduroy et al. 1953	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby 1929) Dowson 1943 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas alfalfae (ex Riker et al. 1935) Schaad et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Xanthomonas ampelina Panagopoulos 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Xanthomonas antirrhini" (Takimoto 1920) Burkholder 1948	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas arboricola Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas axonopodis Starr and Garces 1950 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas badrii" Patel et al. 1950	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas bonasiae Mafakheri et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas boreopolis" (Gray and Thornton 1928) Tripathi et al. 2024	not validly published	synonym
    Xanthomonas boreopolis (Gray and Thornton 1928) Fatahi-Bafghi 2025	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas bromi Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas bundabergensis McKnight et al. 2025	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas cajani" Kulkarni et al. 1950	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas campestris (Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas cannabis" Jacobs et al. 2015	not validly published	synonym
    "Xanthomonas cannabis" McKnight et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas cassavae (ex Wiehe and Dowson 1953) Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas cassiae" Kulkarni et al. 1951	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas cerealis Tambong et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas chitinilytica" Liu et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas cissicola (Takimoto 1939) Rudra and Gupta 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas codiaei Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas cucurbitae (ex Bryan 1926) Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas cyanopsidis" Froman et al. 1984	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas cynarae Trébaol et al. 2000	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Xanthomonas desmodii" Patel and Uppall 1949	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas desmodiigangeticii" Uppal et al. 1948	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas dyei Young et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas euroxanthea Martins et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Jones et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas floridensis Vicente et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy and King 1962 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas fuscans Schaad et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Šutič 1957) Jones et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Xanthomonas graminis Tambong et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas graminis" Egli et al. 1975	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas hawaiiensis" Chuang et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas hemmiana" (Yamamoto 1951) Burkholder 1957	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas heterocea" Breed et al. 1948	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas hortorum Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas hyacinthi (ex Wakker 1883) Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas hydrangeae Dia et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas indica" Rangaswami et al. 1961	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas indica" Rana et al. 2022	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas lactamgena" Ono et al. 1984	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas lespedezae" Breed et al. 1948	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas maliensis Triplett et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981 ex Hugh and Ryschenkow 1961) Swings et al. 1983	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Xanthomonas manihotis" Breed et al. 1948	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas massiliensis" Ndongo et al. 2017	not validly published	synonym
    "Xanthomonas massiliensis" Ndongo et al. 2018	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas medicagonis McKnight et al. 2025	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas melonis Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas nasturtii Vicente et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas oryzae (ex Ishiyama 1922) Swings et al. 1990	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas panici" Breed et al. 1948	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas perforans Jones et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Xanthomonas phaseoli (ex Smith 1897) Gabriel et al. 1989	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas pisi (ex Goto and Okabe 1958) Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas plantaginis" Breed et al. 1948	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas populi (ex Ridé 1958) Ridé and Ridé 1992	validly published under the ICNP, illegitimate name	synonym
    Xanthomonas populi (ex Ridé 1958) van den Mooter and Swings 1990	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas proteamaculans" (Paine and Stansfield 1919) Burkholder 1948	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas protegens" Rana et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas prunicola López et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas retroflexus" Goswami et al. 2007	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas rubrillineans" Ye et al. 2012	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas rydalmerensis McKnight et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas sacchari Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas sesbaniae" Patel et al. 1952	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas sinensis" Volk et al. 1972	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas smithii" Schaad et al. 2005	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas sontii" Bansal et al. 2021	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas surreyensis" Gilroy et al. 2021	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas tardicrescens" (MacCulloch 1937) Hauduroy et al. 1953	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas tesorieronis McKnight et al. 2025	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas theicola Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas translucens (ex Jones et al. 1917) Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas trifolii" (Huss 1907) James 1955	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas uppalii" Patel 1948	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas uredovorus" Pon et al. 1954	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Xanthomonas vasicola Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas vesicatoria (ex Doidge 1920) Vauterin et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Xanthomonas youngii Mafakheri et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Lysobacteraceae Christensen and Cook 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Naushad S, Adeolu M, Wong S, Sohail M, Schellhorn HE, Gupta RS. A phylogenomic and molecular marker based taxonomic framework for the order Xanthomonadales: proposal to transfer the families Algiphilaceae and Solimonadaceae to the order Nevskiales ord. nov. and to create a new family within the order Xanthomonadales, the family Rhodanobacteraceae fam. nov., containing the genus Rhodanobacter and its closest relatives. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:467-485. 🇨🇦

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Record number: 516930