Name: Chroococcales Cavalier-Smith 2002

Category: Order

Proposed as: ord. nov.

Etymology: Chro.o.coc.ca’les. N.L. masc. n. Chroococcus, type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff. -ales, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Chroococcales, the Chroococcus order

Pronunciation (Latin), gender: k^hro-o-kok-KA-les, feminine

Type genus: Chroococcus Nägeli 1849

Valid publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 52, part 1 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:293-295.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP, rejected name

Taxonomic status: synonym

Correct name: Chroococcales corrig. Ardissone 1886

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Chroococcaceae Bennett and Murray 1889	homotypic synonym, inaccurate spelling and illegitimate (ICN [Botanical Code])
    Chroococcales Frémy 1930	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code), illegitimate name
    "Prochlorales" Lewin 1977	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
    Chroococcales corrig. Bennett and Murray 1889	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code), illegitimate name
    Chroococcales Schaffner 1922	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code), illegitimate name
    "Prochlorales" (ex Lewin 1977) Florenzano et al. 1986	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
    "Cyanobacteriales" Rippka and Cohen-Bazire 1983	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
    Chroococcoideae Wettstein 1901	homotypic synonym, inaccurate spelling and illegitimate (ICN [Botanical Code])
    Chroococcoideae Ardissone 1886	homotypic synonym, inaccurate spelling (ICN [Botanical Code])
    Dermocarpales Geitler 1925	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)
    Pleurocapsales Cavalier-Smith 2002	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, rejected name
    Chroococcales corrig. Ardissone 1886	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)
    Siphononematidea Walton 1931	heterotypic synonym, inaccurate spelling (ICN [Botanical Code])
    Pleurocapsales Geitler 1925	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)
    Chroococcales Geitler 1925	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code), illegitimate name
    Siphononematales corrig. Walton 1931	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICN (Botanical Code)

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the class Chroobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the class Oxyphotobacteria (ex Gibbons and Murray 1978) Murray 1988. Publication: Murray RGE. The higher taxa, or, a place for everything..? In: Krieg NR, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 1., The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1984, p. 31-34.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the division "Cyanobacteria" (ex Stanier 1974) Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the subdivision "Phycobacteria" Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the superdivision "Cyanobacteria" Cavalier-Smith 2006. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. Rooting the tree of life by transition analyses. Biol Direct 2006; 1:19. 🇬🇧
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Chmococcales"; "Chmocoocales"; "Choococcales"; "Chorococcales"; "Chreccoceales"; "Chreeceecales"; "Chreecoccales"; "Chrobcoccales"; "Chroccocales"; "Chroccoccales"; "Chrococeales"; "Chrocooccales"; "Chrocooceales"; "Chroecoccales"; "Chroncoccales"; "Chrooccocales"; "Chrooceccales"; "Chroococecales"; "Chroococoales"; "Chroocococcales"; "Chroocoeccales"; "Chroocoocales"; "Chroocotcales"; "Chroocrmcales"; "Chrooeaccales"; "Chroscoccales"; "Chzoococcales"; "Claroococcales"; "Clhrooceccales"; "Cliroococcales"; "Cllroococcales"; "Clzroococcales"; "Croocooccales"; "Ihroococcales"; "Iliroococcales"; "Jhroococeales"; "Ohroococcales"; "Zhlorococcales".
  • 🧍 Cyanobacteria validly published under the bacteriological code. Publication: Oren A, Arahal DR, Christensen H, Goker M, Manaia CM, Moore ERB. International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Prokaryotic Code (2025 Revision). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2026; 76:6979. 🇮🇱
  • 🧍 Rejected Name (Judicial Commission, Opinion 79 suppl.; IJSEM 64: 3599–3602). Publication: Tindall BJ. Names at the rank of class, subclass and order, their typification and current status: Supplementary information to Opinion 79. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3599-3602. 🇩🇪
  • 🧍 The type genus "Chroococcus" does not appear on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, and has not been validly published since 1 January 1980. Consequently, Chroococcales Cavalier-Smith 2002 could be considered not validly published or at least illegitimate. However, as of 2021 cyanobacterial names are considered validly published by the ICNP if they have been directly validly published undert the ICN (botanical code). Publication: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Parent taxon: Chroococcophyceae Hollerbach et al. 1953

Assigned by: LPSN automated production system. The following publication is only one of the sources consulted. It may or may not mention this taxon name. — Hollerbach MM, Kosinskaya EK, Polyansky VI. Sinezelenye vodorosli. In: Anonymous NN (eds), Opredelitel presnovodnykh vodoroslej SSSR, Sovetskaya Nauka, Moskva, 1953, p. 652.

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Record number: 5005