Name: Cytophagales Leadbetter 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Order

Proposed as: ord. nov.

Etymology: Cy.to.pha.ga’les. N.L. fem. n. Cytophaga, type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff. -ales, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Cytophagales, the Cytophaga order

Pronunciation, gender: ky-to-p^ha-GA-les, feminine

Type genus: Cytophaga Winogradsky 1929 (Approved Lists 1980)

Effective publication: Leadbetter ER. Family I. Cytophagaceae Stanier 1940, 630, emend. mut. char. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 99-127.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

• Emendations:
  • García-López et al. 2019 Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Tindall BJ, Gronow S, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Hahnke RL, Goker M. Analysis of 1,000 Type-Strain Genomes Improves Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2083. 🇩🇪 Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 32. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4061-4090.
    Notes:
    • ⊕ Emendation accompanied by the inclusion of 20 families in the order.
    • ⊖ Emendation accompanied by the removal of 2 genera from the order.

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the class Flavobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the division "Sphingobacteria" Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
  • 🧒 Choi et al. (2013) assigned the family Catalimonadaceae Choi et al. 2013 to this order. Publication: Choi EJ, Beatty DS, Paul LA, Fenical W, Jensen PR. Mooreia alkaloidigena gen. nov., sp. nov. and Catalinimonas alkaloidigena gen. nov., sp. nov., alkaloid-producing marine bacteria in the proposed families Mooreiaceae fam. nov. and Catalimonadaceae fam. nov. in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:1219-1228. 🇺🇸
  • 🧒 Garcia-Lopez et al. (2019) assigned the family Spirosomaceae Larkin and Borrall 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) to this order. Publication: Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Tindall BJ, Gronow S, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Hahnke RL, Goker M. Analysis of 1,000 Type-Strain Genomes Improves Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2083. 🇩🇪
  • 🧒 Garcia-Lopez et al. (2019) assigned the family Catalimonadaceae Choi et al. 2013 to this order. Publication: Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Tindall BJ, Gronow S, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Hahnke RL, Goker M. Analysis of 1,000 Type-Strain Genomes Improves Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2083. 🇩🇪
  • 🧒 Kim et al. (2013) assigned the genus Chryseolinea Kim et al. 2013 to this order. Publication: Kim JJ, Alkawally M, Brady AL, Rijpstra WI, Sinninghe Damste JS, Dunfield PF. Chryseolinea serpens gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:654-660. 🇨🇦
  • 🧒 Leadbetter (1974) assigned the genus Cytophaga Winogradsky 1929 (Approved Lists 1980) to this order. Publication: Leadbetter ER. Family I. Cytophagaceae Stanier 1940, 630, emend. mut. char. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 99-127.
  • 🧒 Lu et al. (2024) assigned the family Chryseotaleaceae Lu et al. 2024 to this order. Publication: Lu H, Chen L, Huang L. Arcicella gelida sp. nov. and Arcicella lustrica sp. nov., isolated from streams in China and re-examining the taxonomic status of all the genera within the families Spirosomataceae and Cytophagaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74:6345. 🇨🇳
  • 🧒 Lu et al. (2024) assigned the family Flectobacillaceae Lu et al. 2024 to this order. Publication: Lu H, Chen L, Huang L. Arcicella gelida sp. nov. and Arcicella lustrica sp. nov., isolated from streams in China and re-examining the taxonomic status of all the genera within the families Spirosomataceae and Cytophagaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74:6345. 🇨🇳
  • 🧒 Lu et al. (2024) assigned the family Leadbetterellaceae Lu et al. 2024 to this order. Publication: Lu H, Chen L, Huang L. Arcicella gelida sp. nov. and Arcicella lustrica sp. nov., isolated from streams in China and re-examining the taxonomic status of all the genera within the families Spirosomataceae and Cytophagaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74:6345. 🇨🇳
  • 🧒 Yoon et al. (2011) assigned the genus Ohtaekwangia Yoon et al. 2011 to this order. Publication: Yoon JH, Kang SJ, Lee SY, Lee JS, Park S. Ohtaekwangia koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Ohtaekwangia kribbensis sp. nov., isolated from marine sand, deep-branching members of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:1066-1072. 🇰🇷
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Cjltophagales".
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Bernardet JF. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes: Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Flavobacterium and Cytophaga-like bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 16 and 17 August 1999, Sydney, Australia. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2002; 52:1071-1073. 🇫🇷
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: J.-F.Bernardet. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Flavobacterium and Cytophaga-like bacteria: Minutes of the meetings, 16 and 17 August 1999, Sydney, Australia. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2002; 52:1071-1073. 🇫🇷
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: KCTC: 354; JCM: 235; DSM: 215; NBRC: 158; LMG: 148; ATCC: 74; KACC: 68; CGMCC: 65; CIP: 62; CCTCC: 55.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 23
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 26
Total number of child taxa: 31

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Bernardetiaceae Hahnke et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Catalimonadaceae Choi et al. 2013	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Catalinimonadaceae corrig. Choi et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Cesiribacteraceae García-López et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Chryseotaleaceae Lu et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Cyclobacteriaceae Nedashkovskaya and Ludwig 2012	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Cytophagaceae Stanier 1940 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    [Cytophagales, not assigned to family]	artificial parent node of taxa incertae sedis
    Flammeovirgaceae Yoon et al. 2011	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Flectobacillaceae Lu et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Flexibacteraceae" Garrity and Holt 2001	not validly published	synonym
    Flexibacteraceae García-López et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Fulvivirgaceae García-López et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Hymenobacteraceae Munoz et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Leadbetterellaceae Lu et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Mangrovivirgaceae Sefrji et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Marivirgaceae García-López et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Microscillaceae Hahnke et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Mooreiaceae Choi et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Peijinzhouiaceae" Zhang et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    Persicobacteraceae Munoz et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Raineyaceae Albuquerque et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Reichenbachiellaceae García-López et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Rhodocytophagaceae Zhang et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Roseivirgaceae García-López et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Shiellaceae Liu et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Spirosomaceae Larkin and Borrall 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Spirosomataceae corrig. Larkin and Borrall 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Splendidivirgaceae Li et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Thermoflexibacteraceae García-López et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Thermonemataceae Munoz et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Cytophagia Nakagawa 2012

Assigned by: Nakagawa Y. Class IV. Cytophagia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 370. 🇺🇸

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Record number: 5018