Name: Azospirillum irakense Khammas et al. 1991

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: i.ra.ken’se. N.L. neut. adj. irakense, pertaining to the country of Iraq

Pronunciation, gender: i-ra-KEN-se, neuter

Type strain: ATCC 51182; BCRC 15764; CCUG 30621; CIP 103311; DSM 11586; KBC1; LMG 10653

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: Z29583 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Khammas KM, Ageron E, Grimont PA, Kaiser P. Azospirillum irakense sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with rice roots and rhizosphere soil. Res Microbiol 1989; 140:679-693.

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Validation list no. 39. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:580-581.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: synonym

Correct name: Niveispirillum irakense (Khammas et al. 1991) Hördt et al. 2020

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Niveispirillum irakense" (Khammas et al. 1991) Lin et al. 2014	homotypic synonym, not validly published
    Niveispirillum irakense (Khammas et al. 1991) Hördt et al. 2020	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Notes:
  • ❗ Azospirillum irakense is the correct name instead if this species is regarded as a separate species (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another species whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate genus Azospirillum.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 23 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🧍 The genome of the type strain was sequenced as part of the GEBA (Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea) project. Publication: Mukherjee S, Seshadri R, Varghese NJ, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Goker M, Coates RC, Hadjithomas M, Pavlopoulos GA, Paez-Espino D, et al. 1,003 reference genomes of bacterial and archaeal isolates expand coverage of the tree of life. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:676-683.

Parent taxon: Azospirillum Tarrand et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Khammas KM, Ageron E, Grimont PA, Kaiser P. Azospirillum irakense sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with rice roots and rhizosphere soil. Res Microbiol 1989; 140:679-693.

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Record number: 773594