Name: Cardiobacterium valvarum Han et al. 2004

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: val.va.rum. L. fem. n. valva, a folding-door, referring to the heart valve; L. gen. fem. pl. n. valvarum, of heart valves

Gender: neuter

Type strain: ATCC BAA-694; CCUG 48245; DSM 17211; MDA 3079; NCTC 13294

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: AF506987 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Han XY, Meltzer MC, Woods JT, Fainstein V. Endocarditis with ruptured cerebral aneurysm caused by Cardiobacterium valvarum sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1590-1595.

IJSEM list: Euzeby JP. Validation list no. 99. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1425-1426.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 2

• Emendations:
  • Han and Falsen 2005 Han XY, Falsen E. Characterization of oral strains of Cardiobacterium valvarum and emended description of the organism. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:2370-2374. Euzeby JP. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 3. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:11.

• Notes:
  • 😷 The risk group for Belgium has been imported on 2024-02-05. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "human pathogen". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for United Kingdom has been imported on 2024-01-31. The full classification is: risk group = 2.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 21 times in PubMed until 2024-03-28.
  • 🧍 According to Bartlett et al. (2022), this species is an established human pathogen. Publication: Bartlett A, Padfield D, Lear L, Bendall R, Vos M. A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans. Microbiology 2022; 168:0.

Parent taxon: Cardiobacterium Slotnick and Dougherty 1964 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Han XY, Meltzer MC, Woods JT, Fainstein V. Endocarditis with ruptured cerebral aneurysm caused by Cardiobacterium valvarum sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1590-1595.

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Record number: 774480