Name: Chainia violens Kalakoutskii and Krassilnikov 1960 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: vi’o.lens. L. fem. part. adj. violens, raging; N.L. pres. part. violescens, referring to pink to violet pigment produced by the organism on some media; from L. fem. n. viola, violet

Pronunciation, gender: WI-o-lens, feminine

Type strain: ATCC 15898; BCRC 12540; CBS 451.65; CBS 787.72; CCRC 12540; DSM 40597; HAMBI 1073; IFO 12557; IFO 13486; INMI 1212; ISP 5597; JCM 3072; JCM 4852; KCC 3072; NBRC 12557; NBRC 13486; NCAIM B.01477; NRRL B-3484; NRRL ISP-5597; PCM 2247; RIA 1447; RIA 565; VKM Ac-586; VKM Ac-653

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: AJ621605 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Kalakoutskii LV, Krassilnikov NA. On the production of sclerotia in actinomycetes and systematic position of the genus Chania. Transactions of the Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences USSR 1960; 8:45-55.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: synonym (and not recommended for medical use)

Correct name: Streptomyces violens (Kalakoutskii and Krassilnikov 1960) Goodfellow et al. 1987

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Streptomyces violens (Kalakoutskii and Krassilnikov 1960) Goodfellow et al. 1987	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Notes:
  • ❗ Chainia violens is the correct name instead if this species is regarded as a separate species (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another species whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate genus Chainia.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 0 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🙅 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as a synonym of the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the genus.

Parent taxon: Chainia Thirumalachar 1955 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Kalakoutskii LV, Krassilnikov NA. On the production of sclerotia in actinomycetes and systematic position of the genus Chania. Transactions of the Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences USSR 1960; 8:45-55.

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Record number: 774641