Name: Citrobacter youngae Brenner et al. 1993

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: youn’gae. N.L. gen. fem. n. youngae, to honor Viola M. Young, an American microbiologist, for her contributions to the genus Citrobacter, including the description of C. amalonaticus [L. amalonatica]

Pronunciation (Latin), gender: … YOUN-ga͡e, masculine

Type strain: 460-61; ATCC 29935; CCUG 30791; CDC 460-61; CIP 105016; DSM 17578; NCTC 13709

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: M59291 Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Brenner DJ, Grimont PA, Steigerwalt AG, Fanning GR, Ageron E, Riddle CF. Classification of citrobacteria by DNA hybridization: designation of Citrobacter farmeri sp. nov., Citrobacter youngae sp. nov., Citrobacter braakii sp. nov., Citrobacter werkmanii sp. nov., Citrobacter sedlakii sp. nov., and three unnamed Citrobacter genomospecies. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1993; 43:645-658. 🇺🇸

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 43, part 4 of the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1994; 44:184.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name (and explicitly recommended for medical use)

Risk group: 2

• Notes:
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Taiwan has been imported on 2024-11-03. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "P650 = v". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 42 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🙆 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the species itself.
  • 🧍 According to Bartlett et al. (2022), this species is an established human pathogen. Publication: Bartlett A, Padfield D, Lear L, Bendall R, Vos M. A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans. Microbiology (Reading) 2022; 168:0. 🇬🇧
  • 🧍 Citrobacter youngae Brenner et al. 1993 was previously known as Citrobacter genomospecies 5. Publication: Werkman CH, Gillen GF. Bacteria Producing Trimethylene Glycol. J Bacteriol 1932; 23:167-182.

Parent taxon: Citrobacter Werkman and Gillen 1932 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Brenner DJ, Grimont PA, Steigerwalt AG, Fanning GR, Ageron E, Riddle CF. Classification of citrobacteria by DNA hybridization: designation of Citrobacter farmeri sp. nov., Citrobacter youngae sp. nov., Citrobacter braakii sp. nov., Citrobacter werkmanii sp. nov., Citrobacter sedlakii sp. nov., and three unnamed Citrobacter genomospecies. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1993; 43:645-658. 🇺🇸

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Record number: 774758