Name: Cronobacter sakazakii (Farmer et al. 1980) Iversen et al. 2008

Category: Species

Proposed as: comb. nov.

Basonym: Enterobacter sakazakii Farmer et al. 1980

Etymology: sa.ka.za’ki.i. N.L. gen. masc. n. sakazakii, of Sakazaki, in honour of the Japanese microbiologist Riichi Sakazaki

Gender: masculine

Type strain: ATCC 29544; CCUG 14558; CDC 4562-70; CIP 103183; DSM 4485; JCM 1233; LMG 5740; NBIMCC 8667; NBRC 102416; NCTC 11467

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: EF088379 Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Iversen C, Mullane N, McCardell B, Tall BD, Lehner A, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:1442-1447.

IJSEM list: Euzeby JP. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 58, part 6 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:1995-1996.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name (and explicitly recommended for medical use)

Risk group: 2

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Enterobacter sakazakii Farmer et al. 1980	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    "Cronobacter sakazakii" (Farmer et al. 1980) Iversen et al. 2007	homotypic synonym, not validly published

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the genus Cronobacter Iversen et al. 2008. Publication: Iversen C, Mullane N, McCardell B, Tall BD, Lehner A, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:1442-1447.
  • 😷 The risk group for Belgium has been imported on 2024-02-05. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "human pathogen". — The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2". — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 725 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🫡 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the species itself. This name is not taxonomically suspended any more in favour of Enterobacter sakazakii Farmer et al. 1980. Publication: Farmer Iii JJ, Asbury MA, Hickman FW, Brenner DJ, The E. Enterobacter sakazakii: a new species of "Enterobacteriaceae" isolated from clinical specimens. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1980; 30:569-584.
  • 🧍 According to Bartlett et al. (2022), this species is an established human pathogen. Publication: Bartlett A, Padfield D, Lear L, Bendall R, Vos M. A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans. Microbiology 2022; 168:0.
  • 🧍 Cronobacter sakazakii (Farmer et al. 1980) Iversen et al. 2008 was previously known as "Cronobacter sakazakii" (Farmer et al. 1980) Iversen et al. 2007. Publication: Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, Bidlas E, Cleenwerck I, Marugg J, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:64.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 0
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 0
Total number of child taxa: 2

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    "Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus" Iversen et al. 2007	not validly published	synonym
    "Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii" (Farmer et al. 1980) Iversen et al. 2007	not validly published	synonym of its species

Parent taxon: Cronobacter Iversen et al. 2008

Assigned by: Iversen C, Mullane N, McCardell B, Tall BD, Lehner A, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:1442-1447.

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Record number: 787376