Name: Cronobacter universalis Joseph et al. 2012

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: u.ni.ver.sa’lis. L. masc. adj. universalis, of or belonging to all, universal

Pronunciation (Latin), gender: … u-ni-wer-SA-lis, masculine

Type strain: CECT 7864; DSM 27963; LMG 26249; NCTC 9529

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: EF059877 Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Joseph S, Cetinkaya E, Drahovska H, Levican A, Figueras MJ, Forsythe SJ. Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:1277-1283. 🇬🇧

IJSEM list: Euzeby JP. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 62, part 6 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:2048-2049.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name (and explicitly recommended for medical use)

Risk group: 1

• Notes:
  • 🧬 The phylogenomic assignment score of this taxon is 0.12399 (N = 27).
  • 😷 The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "+". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 7 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🙆 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the genus.
  • 🧍 According to Bartlett et al. (2022), no evidence of human infection was found for this species. Publication: Bartlett A, Padfield D, Lear L, Bendall R, Vos M. A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans. Microbiology (Reading) 2022; 168:0. 🇬🇧
  • 🧍 According to DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characterization, Joseph et al. 2012 [2] propose a new species, Cronobacter universalis, for strains NCTC 9529 and 731 (previously known as Cronobacter genomospecies 1), and for strains 96 and 1435 (previously known as Cronobacter turicensis). Publication: Joseph S, Cetinkaya E, Drahovska H, Levican A, Figueras MJ, Forsythe SJ. Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:1277-1283. 🇬🇧
  • 🧍 Strain NCTC 9529 (the type strain of Cronobacter universalis) was previously referred to as Enterobacter sakazakii biogroup 16c as defined by Iversen et al. 2007 [1]. Strain NCTC 9529 was deemed a separate Cronobacter species, however insufficient strains and biochemical tests were available to define the species and consequently it was called Cronobacter genomospecies 1 [1]. Publication: Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, Bidlas E, Cleenwerck I, Marugg J, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:64. 🇨🇭

Parent taxon: Cronobacter Iversen et al. 2008

Assigned by: Joseph S, Cetinkaya E, Drahovska H, Levican A, Figueras MJ, Forsythe SJ. Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:1277-1283. 🇬🇧

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Record number: 789933