Name: Cytophaga psychrophila (Bernardet and Grimont 1989 ex Borg 1960) Reichenbach 1989

Category: Species

Proposed as: comb. nov.

Basonym: Flexibacter psychrophilus (ex Borg 1960) Bernardet and Grimont 1989

Etymology: psy.chro’phi.la. Gr. masc. adj. psychros, cold; N.L. adj. philus -a -um, friend, loving; from Gr. adj. philos -ê -on, loving; N.L. fem. adj. psychrophila, cold loving

Pronunciation, gender: psy-K^HRO-p^hi-la, feminine

Type strain: DSM 3660; NCIMB 1947; NCMB 1947

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: AB078060 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Reichenbach H. Genus I. Cytophaga Winogradsky 1929, 577, emend. In: Staley JT, Bryant MP, Pfennig N, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 3., The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1989, p. 2015-2020. 🇩🇪

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Validation list no. 31. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989; 39:495-497.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: synonym (and not recommended for medical use)

Correct name: Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Bernardet and Grimont 1989 ex Borg 1960) Bernardet et al. 1996

Risk group: 2

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Flexibacter psychrophilus (ex Borg 1960) Bernardet and Grimont 1989	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Bernardet and Grimont 1989 ex Borg 1960) Bernardet et al. 1996	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Notes:
  • ❗ Cytophaga psychrophila is the correct name instead if this species is regarded as a separate species (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another species whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate genus Cytophaga.
  • 😷 The risk group for Belgium has been imported on 2024-02-05. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "animal pathogen - biological class of risk animal: 2". — The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "PV". — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "t2". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 4 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🙅 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as a synonym of the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the species itself.
  • 🧍 In Validation List no. 31, Cytophaga psychrophila is erroneously proposed as a new species. — 🧍 In Validation List no. 31, the page numbers of the paper by Reichenbach 1989 are erroneously cited as 2015-2020 (sic). Publication: Euzeby JP, Kudo T. Corrigenda to the validation lists. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:1933-1938. 🇫🇷

Parent taxon: Cytophaga Winogradsky 1929 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Reichenbach H. Genus I. Cytophaga Winogradsky 1929, 577, emend. In: Staley JT, Bryant MP, Pfennig N, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 3., The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1989, p. 2015-2020. 🇩🇪

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Record number: 775401