Name: Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder et al. 1953 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: chrys.an’the.mi. N.L. gen. neut. n. chrysanthemi, of the plant genus Chrysanthemum

Gender: feminine

Type strain: ATCC 11663; CCUG 38766; CFBP 2048; CIP 82.99; DSM 4610; ICMP 5703; LMG 2804; NCAIM B.01392; NCPPB 402

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: AJ233412 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Burkholder WH, McFadden LA, Dimock AV. A bacterial blight of chrysanthemums. Phytopathology 1953; 43:522-526.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: synonym

Correct name: Dickeya chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) Samson et al. 2005

Risk group: 2

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Dickeya chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) Samson et al. 2005	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) Brenner et al. 1973 (Approved Lists 1980)	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Notes:
  • ❗ Erwinia chrysanthemi is the correct name instead if this species is regarded as a separate species (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another species whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate genus Erwinia.
  • 😷 The risk group for Belgium has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "PP QUA". — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "p2".
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 769 times in PubMed until 2024-03-28.
  • 🧍 Plant pathogenic according to Bull et al. (2007). Publication: Bull CT, De Boer SH, Denny TP, Firrao G, Fischer Le Saux M, Saddler GS, Scortichini M, Stead DE, Takikawa Y. Comprehensive list of names of plant pathogenic bacteria, 1980-2007. Journal of Plant Pathology 2010; 92:551-592.
  • 🧍 Plant pathogenic according to Bull et al. (2014). Publication: Bull CT, De Boer SH, Denny TP, Firrao G, Fischer Le Saux M, Saddler GS, Scortichini M, Stead DE, Takikawa Y. List of new names of plant pathogenic bacteria (2011-2012). Journal of Plant Pathology 2014; 96:223-226.
  • 🧍 Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder et al. 1953 (Approved Lists 1980) and Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) Brenner et al. 1973 (Approved Lists 1980) have the same type strain and therefore are homotypic synonyms [Rules 24a and 24b (1)]. — The species of the genus Erwinia Winslow et al. 1920 (Approved Lists 1980) may be divided into three phylogenetic groups according to the results of 16S rDNA sequences. Hauben et al. 1999 propose (1) to restrict the genus Erwinia to the species of cluster I; (2) to transfer the species of cluster III into the new genus Brenneria Hauben et al. 1999; (3) to unite the species of cluster II, Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Erwinia carotovora subsp. odorifera, Erwinia carotovora subsp. wasabiae, Erwinia cacticida, Erwinia chrysanthemi and Erwinia cypripedii in the genus Pectobacterium Waldee 1945 (Approved Lists 1980); (4) to emend Pectobacterium chrysanthemi [Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) Brenner et al. 1973 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hauben et al. 1998]. So, Erwinia chrysanthemi is to be considered as an authentic species of the genus Pectobacterium. Publication: Hauben L, Moore ER, Vauterin L, Steenackers M, Mergaert J, Verdonck L, Swings J. Phylogenetic position of phytopathogens within the Enterobacteriaceae. Syst Appl Microbiol 1998; 21:384-397.
  • 🧍 The species of the genus Erwinia Winslow et al. 1920 (Approved Lists 1980) may be divided into three phylogenetic groups according to the results of 16S rDNA sequences. Hauben et al. 1999 propose (1) to restrict the genus Erwinia to the species of cluster I (see:); (2) to transfer the species of cluster III into the new genus Brenneria Hauben et al. 1999; (3) to unite the species of cluster II, Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Erwinia carotovora subsp. odorifera, Erwinia carotovora subsp. wasabiae, Erwinia cacticida, Erwinia chrysanthemi and Erwinia cypripedii in the genus Pectobacterium Waldee 1945 (Approved Lists 1980); (4) to emend Pectobacterium chrysanthemi [Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) Brenner et al. 1973 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hauben et al. 1998]. So, Erwinia chrysanthemi is to be considered as an authentic species of the genus Pectobacterium. Publication: Winslow CE, Broadhurst J, Buchanan RE, Krumwiede C, Rogers LA, Smith GH. The Families and Genera of the Bacteria: Final Report of the Committee of the Society of American Bacteriologists on Characterization and Classification of Bacterial Types. J Bacteriol 1920; 5:191-229.

Parent taxon: Erwinia Winslow et al. 1920 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Burkholder WH, McFadden LA, Dimock AV. A bacterial blight of chrysanthemums. Phytopathology 1953; 43:522-526.

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Record number: 776016