Name: Gemella sanguinis Collins et al. 1999

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: san’gui.nis. L. gen. masc. n. sanguinis, of the blood

Gender: feminine

Type strain: 2045-94; ATCC 700632; CCUG 37820; CIP 105929; LMG 18986

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: Y13364 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Collins MD, Hutson RA, Falsen E, Sjoden B, Facklam RR. Description of Gemella sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:3090-3093.

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Validation list no. 68. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49:1-3.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name (and explicitly recommended for medical use)

Risk group: 2

• Notes:
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 34 times in PubMed until 2024-03-27.
  • 🙆 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the species itself.
  • 🧍 According to Bartlett et al. (2022), this species is an established human pathogen. Publication: Bartlett A, Padfield D, Lear L, Bendall R, Vos M. A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans. Microbiology 2022; 168:0.
  • 🧍 The genome of the type strain was sequenced as part of the GEBA (Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea) project. Publication: Mukherjee S, Seshadri R, Varghese NJ, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Goker M, Coates RC, Hadjithomas M, Pavlopoulos GA, Paez-Espino D, et al. 1,003 reference genomes of bacterial and archaeal isolates expand coverage of the tree of life. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:676-683.

Parent taxon: Gemella Berger 1960 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Collins MD, Hutson RA, Falsen E, Sjoden B, Facklam RR. Description of Gemella sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:3090-3093.

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Record number: 783900