Name: Gluconobacter oxydans (Henneberg 1897) De Ley 1961 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Species

Proposed as: comb. nov.

Basonym: "Bacterium oxydans" Henneberg 1897

Etymology: o.xy’dans. N.L. v. oxydo, to oxidize; from Gr. masc. adj. oxys, sour, acid; N.L. part. adj. oxydans, oxidizing

Gender: masculine

Type strain: ATCC 19357; CCUG 18132; CIP 103106; DSM 3503; DSM 4494; DSM 7145; ICMP 12533; IFO 14819; JCM 7642; LMG 1408; NBRC 14819; NCCB 75005; NCIB 9013; NCIMB 9013

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: X73820 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: De LEYJ. Comparative carbohydrate metabolism and a proposal for a phylogenetic relationship of the acetic acid bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 1961; 24:31-50.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Acetobacter melanogenus" Beijerinck 1911	heterotypic synonym, not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists
    "Gluconobacter suboxydans" (Kluyver and de Leeuw 1924) De Ley 1961	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
    "Bacterium oxydans" Henneberg 1897	homotypic synonym, not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists
    "Gluconobacter industrius" (Henneberg 1898) Asai et al. 1964	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
    "Acetomonas suboxydans" (Kluyver and de Leeuw 1924) Leifson 1954	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
    "Bacterium industrium" Henneberg 1898	heterotypic synonym, not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists
    Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. suboxydans (Kluyver and de Leeuw 1924) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, distinct rank
    "Acetobacter suboxydans" Kluyver and de Leeuw 1924	heterotypic synonym, not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists
    Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. melanogenes (Beijerinck 1911) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, distinct rank
    Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. industrius (Henneberg 1898) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, distinct rank
    Gluconobacter uchimurae Tanasupawat et al. 2012	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Emendations:
  • Gosselé et al. 1983 Gosselé F, Swings J, Kersters K, De Ley J. Numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electropherograms of Gluconobacter Asai 1935 emend. mut. char. Asai, Iizuka, and Komagata 1964. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1983; 33:65-81.
    Notes:
    • 🫂 Emendation accompanied by 3 proposals regarding the synonymy of the species.
    • 🧍 From the results of a numerical analysis, Gosselé et al. 1983 conclude that the species Gluconobacter oxydans (Henneberg 1897) De Ley 1961 (Approved Lists 1980) should not be further divided into five subspecies as listed on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
  • Mason and Claus 1989 Mason LM, Claus GW. Phenotypic characteristics correlated with deoxyribonucleic acid sequence similarities for three species of Gluconobacter: G. oxydans (Henneberg 1897) De Ley 1961, G. frateurii sp. nov., and G. asaii sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1989; 39:174-184.
  • Hördt et al. 2020 Hordt A, Lopez MG, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Schleuning M, Weinhold LM, Tindall BJ, Gronow S, Kyrpides NC, Woyke T, Goker M. Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:468. Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 32. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4061-4090.

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the genus Gluconobacter Asai 1935 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Asai T. Taxonomic studies on acetic acid bacteria and allied oxidative bacteria isolated from fruits. A new classification of the oxidative bacteria. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan 1935; 11:674-708.
  • ⏰ According to Gossele et al. (1983), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of "Gluconobacter industrius" (Henneberg 1898) Asai et al. 1964. Publication: Gosselé F, Swings J, Kersters K, De Ley J. Numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electropherograms of Gluconobacter Asai 1935 emend. mut. char. Asai, Iizuka, and Komagata 1964. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1983; 33:65-81.
  • ⏰ According to Gossele et al. (1983), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of "Gluconobacter suboxydans" (Kluyver and de Leeuw 1924) De Ley 1961. Publication: Gosselé F, Swings J, Kersters K, De Ley J. Numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electropherograms of Gluconobacter Asai 1935 emend. mut. char. Asai, Iizuka, and Komagata 1964. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1983; 33:65-81.
  • ⏰ According to Gossele et al. (1983), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of "Bacterium industrium" Henneberg 1898. Publication: Gosselé F, Swings J, Kersters K, De Ley J. Numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electropherograms of Gluconobacter Asai 1935 emend. mut. char. Asai, Iizuka, and Komagata 1964. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1983; 33:65-81.
  • ⏰ According to Gossele et al. (1983), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of "Acetobacter melanogenus" Beijerinck 1911. Publication: Gosselé F, Swings J, Kersters K, De Ley J. Numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electropherograms of Gluconobacter Asai 1935 emend. mut. char. Asai, Iizuka, and Komagata 1964. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1983; 33:65-81.
  • ⏰ According to Gossele et al. (1983), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of "Acetobacter suboxydans" Kluyver and de Leeuw 1924. Publication: Gosselé F, Swings J, Kersters K, De Ley J. Numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electropherograms of Gluconobacter Asai 1935 emend. mut. char. Asai, Iizuka, and Komagata 1964. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1983; 33:65-81.
  • ⏰ According to Gossele et al. (1983), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of "Acetomonas suboxydans" (Kluyver and de Leeuw 1924) Leifson 1954. Publication: Gosselé F, Swings J, Kersters K, De Ley J. Numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electropherograms of Gluconobacter Asai 1935 emend. mut. char. Asai, Iizuka, and Komagata 1964. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1983; 33:65-81.
  • ⏰ According to Li et al. (2017), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Gluconobacter uchimurae Tanasupawat et al. 2012. Publication: Li L, Cleenwerck I, De Vuyst L, Vandamme P. Identification of acetic acid bacteria through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and report of Gluconobacter nephelii Kommanee et al. 2011 and Gluconobacter uchimurae Tanasupawat et al. 2012 as later heterotypic synonyms of Gluconobacter japonicus Malimas et al. 2009 and Gluconobacter oxydans (Henneberg 1897) De Ley 1961 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Gossele et al. 1983, respectively. Syst Appl Microbiol 2017; 40:123-134.
  • 🏢 Synonymy of this taxon was mentioned in an IJSEM list. Publication: Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 27. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:7-8.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 489 times in PubMed until 2024-03-27.
  • 🧍 Plant pathogenic according to Bull et al. (2007). Publication: Bull CT, De Boer SH, Denny TP, Firrao G, Fischer Le Saux M, Saddler GS, Scortichini M, Stead DE, Takikawa Y. Comprehensive list of names of plant pathogenic bacteria, 1980-2007. Journal of Plant Pathology 2010; 92:551-592.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 0
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 5
Total number of child taxa: 5

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. industrius (Henneberg 1898) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. melanogenes (Beijerinck 1911) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. suboxydans (Kluyver and de Leeuw 1924) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. sphaericus Ameyama 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. oxydans (Henneberg 1897) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym of its species (division into subspecies abandoned)

Parent taxon: Gluconobacter Asai 1935 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: De LEYJ. Comparative carbohydrate metabolism and a proposal for a phylogenetic relationship of the acetic acid bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 1961; 24:31-50.

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Record number: 776553