Name: Janthinobacterium lividum (Eisenberg 1891) De Ley et al. 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Species

Proposed as: comb. nov.

Basonym: "Bacillus lividus" Eisenberg 1891

Etymology: li’vi.dum. L. neut. adj. lividum, of a blue or leaden color, bluish, blue

Pronunciation, gender: LI-wi-dum, neuter

Type strain: ATCC 12473; CCUG 2344; CIP 103349; DSM 1522; HAMBI 1919; JCM 9043; LMG 2892; NCTC 9796; VKM B-1223

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: MN307292 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: De Ley J, Segers P, Gillis M. Intra- and intergeneric similarities of Chromobacterium and Janthinobacterium ribosomal ribonucleic acid cistrons. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1978; 28:154-168.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Bacillus lividus" Eisenberg 1891	homotypic synonym, not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists
    Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon and Hammer 1939 (Approved Lists 1980)	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the genus Janthinobacterium De Ley et al. 1978 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: De Ley J, Segers P, Gillis M. Intra- and intergeneric similarities of Chromobacterium and Janthinobacterium ribosomal ribonucleic acid cistrons. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1978; 28:154-168.
  • ⏰ According to Kämpfer et al. (2008), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon and Hammer 1939 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Kampfer P, Falsen E, Busse HJ. Reclassification of Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon and Hammer 1939 as a later heterotypic synonym of Janthinobacterium lividum (Eisenberg 1891) De Ley et al. 1978. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:136-138.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 84 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🧍 On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, this nomenclatural name is incorrectly cited as Janthinobacterium lividum De Ley et al. 1978 (sic). Publication: Hill LR, Skerman VBD, Sneath PHA. Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1984; 34:508-511.

Parent taxon: Janthinobacterium De Ley et al. 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: De Ley J, Segers P, Gillis M. Intra- and intergeneric similarities of Chromobacterium and Janthinobacterium ribosomal ribonucleic acid cistrons. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1978; 28:154-168.

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Record number: 777063