Name: Levinea malonatica Young et al. 1971 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: ma.lo.na’ti.ca. N.L. masc. n. malonas (gen. malonatis), malonate; L. fem. adj. suff. -ica, suffix used with the sense of pertaining to; N.L. fem. adj. malonatica, pertaining to malonate (i.e., able to utilize malonate)

Pronunciation, gender: ma-lo-NA-ti-ka, feminine

Type strain: ATCC 25408; DSM 4596; JCM 1660

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: EF059858 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Young VM, Kenton DM, Hobbs BJ, Moody MR. Levinea, a new genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1971; 21:58-63.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: synonym (and not recommended for medical use)

Correct name: Citrobacter koseri Frederiksen 1970 (Approved Lists 1980)

Risk group: 2

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Citrobacter koseri Frederiksen 1970 (Approved Lists 1980)	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Citrobacter diversus corrig. (Burkey 1928) Werkman and Gillen 1932 (Approved Lists 1980)	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, rejected name
    "Aerobacter diversum" Burkey 1928	heterotypic synonym, not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists
    Citrobacter diversum (Burkey 1928) Werkman and Gillen 1932 (Approved Lists 1980)	heterotypic synonym, inaccurate spelling and rejected

• Notes:
  • ⏲ According to Brenner et al. (1993), this species is a later heterotypic synonym of Citrobacter koseri Frederiksen 1970 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Brenner DJ, Grimont PA, Steigerwalt AG, Fanning GR, Ageron E, Riddle CF. Classification of citrobacteria by DNA hybridization: designation of Citrobacter farmeri sp. nov., Citrobacter youngae sp. nov., Citrobacter braakii sp. nov., Citrobacter werkmanii sp. nov., Citrobacter sedlakii sp. nov., and three unnamed Citrobacter genomospecies. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1993; 43:645-658. 🇺🇸
  • ❗ Levinea malonatica is the correct name instead if this species is regarded as a separate species (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another species whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate genus Levinea.
  • 😷 The risk group for Belgium has been imported on 2024-02-05. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "human and animal pathogen - biological class of risk animal: 2". — The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 15 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🙅 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as a synonym of the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the species itself.
  • 🧍 The distinct name Levinea amalonatica from the same publication has a similar spelling. Publication: Angell RC, Freund GE, Willett P. Automatic spelling correction using a trigram similarity measure. Information Processing and Management 1983; 19:255-261.

Parent taxon: Levinea Young et al. 1971 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Young VM, Kenton DM, Hobbs BJ, Moody MR. Levinea, a new genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1971; 21:58-63.

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Record number: 777573