Name: Photorhabdus asymbiotica Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: a.sym.bi.o’ti.ca. Gr. pref. a-, not (inseparable prefix); N.L. fem. adj. symbiotica, living together; N.L. fem. adj. asymbiotica, not symbiotic

Pronunciation (Latin), gender: p^ho-to-R^HAB-dus a-sym-bi-O-ti-ka, feminine

Type strain: 3265-86; ATCC 43950; CIP 106331; DSM 15149

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: Z76755 Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Fischer-Le Saux M, Viallard V, Brunel B, Normand P, Boemare NE. Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49:1645-1656. 🇫🇷

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 49, part 4 of the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 2000; 50:5-7.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name (and explicitly recommended for medical use)

Risk group: 1

• Emendations:
  • Akhurst et al. 2004 Akhurst RJ, Boemare NE, Janssen PH, Peel MM, Alfredson DA, Beard CE. Taxonomy of Australian clinical isolates of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica subsp. australis subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1301-1310. 🇦🇺 Euzeby JP. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 54, part 4 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1911-1913.
  • Machado et al. 2018 Machado RAR, Wuthrich D, Kuhnert P, Arce CCM, Thonen L, Ruiz C, Zhang X, Robert CAM, Karimi J, Kamali S, et al. Whole-genome-based revisit of Photorhabdus phylogeny: proposal for the elevation of most Photorhabdus subspecies to the species level and description of one novel species Photorhabdus bodei sp. nov., and one novel subspecies Photorhabdus laumondii subsp. clarkei subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2664-2681. 🇨🇭 Oren A, Garrity GM. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 68, part 8 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3394-3396.

• Notes:
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 75 times in PubMed until 2026-06-11.
  • 🙆 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the species itself.
  • 🧍 According to Bartlett et al. (2022), this species is an established human pathogen. Publication: Bartlett A, Padfield D, Lear L, Bendall R, Vos M. A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans. Microbiology (Reading) 2022; 168:0. 🇬🇧

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 0
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 2
Total number of child taxa: 2

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica (Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999) Akhurst et al. 2004	validly published under the ICNP	synonym of its species
    Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. australis Akhurst et al. 2004	validly published under the ICNP	synonym

Parent taxon: Photorhabdus Boemare et al. 1993

Assigned by: Fischer-Le Saux M, Viallard V, Brunel B, Normand P, Boemare NE. Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49:1645-1656. 🇫🇷

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Record number: 784628