Name: Proteus penneri Hickman et al. 1983

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: pen’ne.ri. N.L. gen. masc. n. penneri, of Penner, named to honor John L. Penner, a Canadian microbiologist who has made many contributions to studies of the three genera in the tribe Proteeae

Pronunciation (Latin): … PEN-ne-ri

Type strain: ATCC 33519; CCUG 15722; CDC 1808-73; CIP 103030; DSM 4544; JCM 3948; NCTC 12737

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: FJ971869 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Hickman FW, Steigerwalt AG, Farmer JJ, Brenner DJ. Identification of Proteus penneri sp. nov., formerly known as Proteus vulgaris indole negative or as Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 15:1097-1102. 🇺🇸

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Validation list no. 10. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1983; 33:438-440.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name (and explicitly recommended for medical use)

Risk group: 2

• Notes:
  • 😷 The risk group for Belgium has been imported on 2024-02-05. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "human pathogen". — The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for France has been imported on 2024-08-30. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Sweden has been imported on 2024-02-05. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Taiwan has been imported on 2024-11-03. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "P650 = v". — The risk group for United Kingdom has been imported on 2024-01-31. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 142 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🪓 Organisms assigned to this species have previously been classified as Proteus vulgaris Hauser 1885 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Hauser G. Über Fäulnissbakterien und deren Beziehungen zur Septicämie. Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie der Spaltpilze. Vogel, Leipzig, 1885. Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.
  • 🙆 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the species itself.
  • 🧍 According to Bartlett et al. (2022), this species is an established human pathogen. Publication: Bartlett A, Padfield D, Lear L, Bendall R, Vos M. A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans. Microbiology (Reading) 2022; 168:0. 🇬🇧
  • 🧍 The name Proteus penneri was inadvertently omitted from Validation List no. 10. This name is to be regarded as having been validly published in List no. 10 (April 1983). Publication: Anonymous. Validation list no. 11. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1983; 33:672-674.

Parent taxon: Proteus Hauser 1885 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Hickman FW, Steigerwalt AG, Farmer JJ, Brenner DJ. Identification of Proteus penneri sp. nov., formerly known as Proteus vulgaris indole negative or as Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 15:1097-1102. 🇺🇸

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Record number: 779878