Name: Spirochaeta caldaria corrig. Pohlschröder et al. 1995

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: cal.da’ri.a. L. fem. adj. caldaria, pertaining to warm water, intended to mean inhabiting warm water

Pronunciation (Latin), gender: … kal-DA-ri-a, feminine

Type strain: ATCC 51460; DSM 7334; H1

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: EU580141 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Pohlschroeder M, Leschine SB, Canale-Parola E. Spirochaeta caldaria sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium that enhances cellulose degradation by Clostridium thermocellum. Arch. Microbiol. 1994; 161:17-24.

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Validation list no. 55. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995; 45:879-880.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: synonym (and not recommended for medical use)

Correct name: Gracilinema caldarium (Pohlschröder et al. 1995) Brune et al. 2022

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Spirochaeta caldarium Pohlschröder et al. 1995	other spelling of name, inaccurate spelling
    Treponema caldarium corrig. (Pohlschröder et al. 1995) Abt et al. 2013	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Gracilinema caldarium (Pohlschröder et al. 1995) Brune et al. 2022	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Treponema caldaria (Pohlschröder et al. 1995) Abt et al. 2013	homotypic synonym, inaccurate spelling

• Notes:
  • ❗ Spirochaeta caldaria is the correct name instead if this species is regarded as a separate species (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another species whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate genus Spirochaeta.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 2 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🙅 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as a synonym of the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the genus.
  • 🧍 The genome of the type strain was sequenced as part of the GEBA (Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea) project. Publication: Abt B, Goker M, Scheuner C, Han C, Lu M, Misra M, Lapidus A, Nolan M, Lucas S, Hammon N, et al. Genome sequence of the thermophilic fresh-water bacterium Spirochaeta caldaria type strain (H1^T), reclassification of Spirochaeta caldaria, Spirochaeta stenostrepta, and Spirochaeta zuelzerae in the genus Treponema as Treponema caldaria comb. nov., Treponema stenostrepta comb. nov., and Treponema zuelzerae comb. nov., and emendation of the genus Treponema. Stand Genomic Sci 2013; 8:88-105. 🇺🇸

Parent taxon: Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Pohlschroeder M, Leschine SB, Canale-Parola E. Spirochaeta caldaria sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium that enhances cellulose degradation by Clostridium thermocellum. Arch. Microbiol. 1994; 161:17-24.

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Record number: 781077