Name: Weissella confusa corrig. (Holzapfel and Kandler 1969) Collins et al. 1994

Category: Species

Proposed as: comb. nov.

Basonym: "Lactobacillus coprophilus subsp. confusus" Holzapfel and Kandler 1969

Etymology: con.fu’sa. L. fem. part. adj. confusa, confused, an allusion to its original confusion with Leuconostoc

Pronunciation (Latin), gender: … kon-FU-sa, feminine

Type strain: ATCC 10881; BCRC 14002; CCRC 14002; CCUG 30113; CIP 103172; CIP 54.169; DSM 20196; JCM 1093; LMG 9497; NCDO 1586; NCFB 1586; NCIB 9311; NCIMB 9311; NRRL B-1064; TCC 10881

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: AB682449 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Collins MD, Samelis J, Metaxopoulos J, Wallbanks S. Taxonomic studies on some leuconostoc-like organisms from fermented sausages: description of a new genus Weissella for the Leuconostoc paramesenteroides group of species. J Appl Bacteriol 1993; 75:595-603. 🇬🇧

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Validation list no. 49. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1994; 44:370-371.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name (and explicitly recommended for medical use)

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Lactobacillus coprophilus subsp. confusus" Holzapfel and Kandler 1969	homotypic synonym, not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists, distinct rank
    Lactobacillus confusa (Holzapfel and Kandler 1969) Collins et al. 1994	other spelling of name, inaccurate spelling
    Lactobacillus confusus (Holzapfel and Kandler 1969) Sharpe et al. 1972 (Approved Lists 1980)	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Notes:
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "ht+". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 311 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🙆 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded pathogenicity of the species itself.
  • 🧍 According to Bartlett et al. (2022), this species is an established human pathogen. Publication: Bartlett A, Padfield D, Lear L, Bendall R, Vos M. A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans. Microbiology (Reading) 2022; 168:0. 🇬🇧
  • 🧍 In Validation List no. 49, the basonym of Weissella confusa (Holzapfel and Kandler 1969) Collins et al. 1994 is erroneously cited as Lactobacillus confusa (sic). Publication: Euzeby JP, Kudo T. Corrigenda to the validation lists. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:1933-1938. 🇫🇷

Parent taxon: Weissella Collins et al. 1994

Assigned by: Collins MD, Samelis J, Metaxopoulos J, Wallbanks S. Taxonomic studies on some leuconostoc-like organisms from fermented sausages: description of a new genus Weissella for the Leuconostoc paramesenteroides group of species. J Appl Bacteriol 1993; 75:595-603. 🇬🇧

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Record number: 783090