Name: Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov., nom. rev.

Etymology: ci’tri. L. gen. fem. n. citri, of citrus

Pronunciation (Latin), gender: xan-T^HO-mo-nas KI-tri, feminine

Type strain: 3213; ATCC 49118; Gabriel 3213; ICMP 15804; ICPB 10518; LMG 9322

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: JX986961 Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Gabriel DW, Kingsley MT, Hunter JE, Gottwald T. Reinstatement of Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse) and X. phaseoli (ex Smith) to species and reclassification of all X. campestris pv. citri strains. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1989; 39:14-22.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name (and explicitly recommended for medical use)

Risk group: 2

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Xanthomonas smithii subsp. citri" (Gabriel et al. 1989 ex Hasse 1915) Schaad et al. 2005	homotypic synonym, not validly published, distinct rank
    Xanthomonas fuscans Schaad et al. 2007	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Emendations:
  • Schaad et al. 2006 Schaad NW, Postnikova E, Lacy G, Sechler A, Agarkova I, Stromberg PE, Stromberg VK, Vidaver AK. Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst Appl Microbiol 2006; 29:690-695. 🇺🇸 Euzeby JP. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 6. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:1376.
  • Ah-You et al. 2009 Ah-You N, Gagnevin L, Grimont PA, Brisse S, Nesme X, Chiroleu F, Bui Thi Ngoc L, Jouen E, Lefeuvre P, Verniere C, et al. Polyphasic characterization of xanthomonads pathogenic to members of the Anacardiaceae and their relatedness to species of Xanthomonas. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:306-318. 🇫🇷 Euzeby JP. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 59, part 2 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:926-927.
    Notes:
    • 🫂 Emendation accompanied by a proposal regarding the synonymy of the species.
  • Constantin et al. 2016 Constantin EC, Cleenwerck I, Maes M, Baeyen S, et al. Genetic characterization of strains named as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae leads to a taxonomic revision of the X. axonopodis species complex. Plant Pathol 2016; 65:792-806. 🇧🇪 Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 26. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2081-2086.

• Notes:
  • ⏰ According to Ah-You et al. (2009), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas fuscans Schaad et al. 2007. Publication: Ah-You N, Gagnevin L, Grimont PA, Brisse S, Nesme X, Chiroleu F, Bui Thi Ngoc L, Jouen E, Lefeuvre P, Verniere C, et al. Polyphasic characterization of xanthomonads pathogenic to members of the Anacardiaceae and their relatedness to species of Xanthomonas. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:306-318. 🇫🇷
  • ⏰ According to Saati-Santamaria et al. (2021), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of "Aplanobacter cissicola" Takimoto 1939 but this is in conflict with the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Publication: Saati-Santamaria Z, Peral-Aranega E, Velazquez E, Rivas R, Garcia-Fraile P. Phylogenomic Analyses of the Genus Pseudomonas Lead to the Rearrangement of Several Species and the Definition of New Genera. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:0. 🇪🇸
  • ⏰ According to Saati-Santamaria et al. (2021), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Pseudomonas cissicola (Takimoto 1939) Burkholder 1948 (Approved Lists 1980) but this is in conflict with the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Publication: Saati-Santamaria Z, Peral-Aranega E, Velazquez E, Rivas R, Garcia-Fraile P. Phylogenomic Analyses of the Genus Pseudomonas Lead to the Rearrangement of Several Species and the Definition of New Genera. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:0. 🇪🇸
  • ⏰ According to Saati-Santamaria et al. (2021), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas cissicola (Takimoto 1939) Rudra and Gupta 2021 but this is in conflict with the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Publication: Saati-Santamaria Z, Peral-Aranega E, Velazquez E, Rivas R, Garcia-Fraile P. Phylogenomic Analyses of the Genus Pseudomonas Lead to the Rearrangement of Several Species and the Definition of New Genera. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:0. 🇪🇸
  • 🏢 Synonymy of this taxon was mentioned in an IJSEM list. Publication: Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 35. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5164.
  • 😷 The risk group for Belgium has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "pv. mangiferaeindicae: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2; pv. viticola: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2; pv. rhynchosiae: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2; pv. vignaeradiatae: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2; pv. glycines: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2; pv. aracearum: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2; pv. malvacearum: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2; pv. punicae: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2; pv. sesbaniae: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2; pv. thirumalacharii: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2; pv. vignicola: 1 plant pathogen - biological class of risk plant: 2". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "PP". — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2026-08-13. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "p". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 657 times in PubMed until 2026-06-11.
  • 🙆 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the species itself.
  • 🧍 Plant pathogenic according to Bull et al. (2007). Publication: Bull CT, De Boer SH, Denny TP, Firrao G, Fischer Le Saux M, Saddler GS, Scortichini M, Stead DE, Takikawa Y. Comprehensive list of names of plant pathogenic bacteria, 1980-2007. Journal of Plant Pathology 2010; 92:551-592. 🇺🇸
  • 🧍 Plant pathogenic according to Bull et al. (2012). Publication: Bull CT, De Boer SH, Denny TP, Firrao G, Fischer Le Saux M, Saddler GS, Scortichini M, Stead DE, Takikawa Y. List of new names of plant pathogenic bacteria (2008-2010). Journal of Plant Pathology 2012; 94:21-27. 🇺🇸
  • 🧍 Comment: IJSB 41:172. Publication: Young JM, Bradbury JF, Gardan L, Gvozdyak RI, Stead DE, Takikawa Y, Vidaver AK. Comment on the reinstatement of Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 and X. phaseoli (ex Smith 1897) Gabriel et al. 1989: indication of the need for minimal standards for the genus Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1991; 41:172-177. 🇳🇿
  • 🧍 The subcommittee on the taxonomy of Pseudomonas and related organisms rejects the proposal to reinstate Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 as species of the genus Xanthomonas. Publication: Yabuuchi E, De Vos P. ICSB, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS PSEUDOMONAS AND RELATED ORGANISMS: Minutes of the meetings, 17 and 20 September 1990, Osaka, Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1995; 45:877-878. 🇯🇵
  • 🧍 Young et al. suggest that the descriptions presented by Gabriel et al. 1989 are insufficient for the purposes of formal classification in the genus Xanthomonas. Publication: Young JM, Bradbury JF, Gardan L, Gvozdyak RI, Stead DE, Takikawa Y, Vidaver AK. Comment on the reinstatement of Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 and X. phaseoli (ex Smith 1897) Gabriel et al. 1989: indication of the need for minimal standards for the genus Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1991; 41:172-177. 🇳🇿

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 2
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 2
Total number of child taxa: 10

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    "Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii" Ah-You et al. 2009	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas citri pv. bilvae" Bansal et al. 2022	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas citri pv. citri" (Hasse 1915) Constantin et al. 2016	not validly published	orphaned pathovar
    Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Gabriel et al. 1989 ex Hasse 1915) Schaad et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas citri pv. durantae" (Srinivasan et al. 1957) Bansal et al. 2022	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines" (Nakano 1919) Constantin et al. 2016	not validly published	preferred name
    Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (ex Smith 1901) Schaad et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae" (Patel et al. 1948) Constantin et al. 2016	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae" (Hingorani and Singh 1959) Constantin et al. 2016	not validly published	preferred name
    "Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola" Gama et al. 2018	not validly published	preferred name

Parent taxon: Xanthomonas Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Gabriel DW, Kingsley MT, Hunter JE, Gottwald T. Reinstatement of Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse) and X. phaseoli (ex Smith) to species and reclassification of all X. campestris pv. citri strains. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1989; 39:14-22.

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Record number: 785199