Name: Xanthomonas cynarae Trébaol et al. 2000

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: cy.na’rae. N.L. fem. n. Cynara, genus name of artichoke; N.L. gen. fem. n. cynarae, of Cynara (Cynara scolymus L.)

Gender: feminine

Type strain: CFBP 4188; CIP 106774; DSM 16794; DSM 18811; ICMP 16775

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: AF208315 Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Trebaol G, Gardan L, Manceau C, Tanguy JL, Tirilly Y, Boury S. Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Xanthomonas cynarae sp. nov., a new species that causes bacterial bract spot of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:1471-1478.

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 50, part 4 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:1701-1702.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: synonym (and not recommended for medical use)

Correct name: Xanthomonas hortorum Vauterin et al. 1995

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Xanthomonas hortorum Vauterin et al. 1995	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Šutič 1957) Jones et al. 2006	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Emendations:
  • Timilsina et al. 2019 Timilsina S, Kara S, Jacques MA, Potnis N, Minsavage GV, Vallad GE, Jones JB, Fischer-Le Saux M. Reclassification of Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Sutic 1957) Jones et al. 2006 as a later heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas cynarae Trebaol et al. 2000 and description of X. cynarae pv. cynarae and X. cynarae pv. gardneri based on whole genome analyses. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:343-349. Oren A, Garrity GM. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 69, part 2 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1251-1252.
    Notes:
    • 🫂 Emendation accompanied by a proposal regarding the synonymy of the species.

• Notes:
  • ⏲ According to Moriniere et al. (2020), this species is a later heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas hortorum Vauterin et al. 1995. Publication: Moriniere L, Burlet A, Rosenthal ER, Nesme X, Portier P, Bull CT, Lavire C, Fischer-Le Saux M, Bertolla F. Clarifying the taxonomy of the causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce through a polyphasic approach reveals that Xanthomonas cynarae Trebaol et al. 2000 emend. Timilsina et al. 2019 is a later heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas hortorum Vauterin et al. 1995. Syst Appl Microbiol 2020; 43:126087.
  • ⏰ According to Timilsina et al. (2019), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Šutič 1957) Jones et al. 2006. Publication: Timilsina S, Kara S, Jacques MA, Potnis N, Minsavage GV, Vallad GE, Jones JB, Fischer-Le Saux M. Reclassification of Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Sutic 1957) Jones et al. 2006 as a later heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas cynarae Trebaol et al. 2000 and description of X. cynarae pv. cynarae and X. cynarae pv. gardneri based on whole genome analyses. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:343-349.
  • 🏢 Synonymy of this taxon was mentioned in an IJSEM list. Publication: Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 33. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:2-3.
  • 🏢 Synonymy of this taxon was mentioned in an IJSEM list. Publication: Oren A, Garrity GM. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 69, part 2 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1251-1252.
  • 📧 The e-mail address of the corresponding author given in the effective publication is not functional any more.
  • ❗ Xanthomonas cynarae is the correct name instead if this species is regarded as a separate species (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another species whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate genus Xanthomonas.
  • 😷 The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "p". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 8 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🙅 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as a synonym of the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of other species in the genus.
  • 🧍 Plant pathogenic according to Bull et al. (2007). Publication: Bull CT, De Boer SH, Denny TP, Firrao G, Fischer Le Saux M, Saddler GS, Scortichini M, Stead DE, Takikawa Y. Comprehensive list of names of plant pathogenic bacteria, 1980-2007. Journal of Plant Pathology 2010; 92:551-592.

Parent taxon: Xanthomonas Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Trebaol G, Gardan L, Manceau C, Tanguy JL, Tirilly Y, Boury S. Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Xanthomonas cynarae sp. nov., a new species that causes bacterial bract spot of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:1471-1478.

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Record number: 783134