Name: Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kleinii An and Grewal 2011

Category: Subspecies

Proposed as: subsp. nov.

Etymology: klei’ni.i. N.L. gen. masc. n. kleinii, of Klein, this subspecies is named after Dr. Michael D. Klein in recognition of his contributions to insect pathology and nematology

Pronunciation, gender: KLE͡I-ni-i, feminine

Type strain: ATCC BAA-2104; DSM 23513; KMD 37

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: MK039079 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: An R, Grewal PS. Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kleinii subsp. nov. (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). Curr Microbiol 2011; 62:539-543. 🇺🇸

IJSEM list: Euzeby JP. Validation list no. 139. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:1011-1013.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: synonym (and not recommended for medical use)

Correct name: Photorhabdus kleinii (An and Grewal 2011) Machado et al. 2018

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Photorhabdus kleinii (An and Grewal 2011) Machado et al. 2018	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, distinct rank

• Notes:
  • ❗ Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kleinii is the correct name instead if this subspecies is regarded as a separate subspecies (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another subspecies whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate species Photorhabdus luminescens within a separate genus Photorhabdus.
  • 😷 The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "n". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🙅 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as a synonym of the name to be applied to this subspecies. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of other species in the genus.
  • 🧍 The accession number ATCC BAA-2104 has been provided at the time of request for valid publication of the name. Publication: Euzeby JP. Validation list no. 139. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:1011-1013.

Parent taxon: Photorhabdus luminescens (Thomas and Poinar 1979) Boemare et al. 1993

Assigned by: An R, Grewal PS. Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kleinii subsp. nov. (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). Curr Microbiol 2011; 62:539-543. 🇺🇸

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Record number: 789115