Name: Cardiobacterium valvarum Han et al. 2004

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: val.va.rum. L. fem. n. valva, a folding-door, referring to the heart valve; L. gen. fem. pl. n. valvarum, of heart valves

Gender: neuter

Type strain: ATCC BAA-694; CCUG 48245; DSM 17211; MDA 3079; NCTC 13294

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: AF506987 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Han XY, Meltzer MC, Woods JT, Fainstein V. Endocarditis with ruptured cerebral aneurysm caused by Cardiobacterium valvarum sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1590-1595.

IJSEM list: Euzeby JP. Validation list no. 99. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1425-1426.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 2

• Emendations:
  • Han and Falsen 2005 Han XY, Falsen E. Characterization of oral strains of Cardiobacterium valvarum and emended description of the organism. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:2370-2374. Euzeby JP. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 3. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:11.

• Notes:
  • 😷 The risk group for Belgium has been imported on 2024-02-05. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "human pathogen". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for France has been imported on 2024-08-30. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for United Kingdom has been imported on 2024-01-31. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 21 times in PubMed until 2024-03-28.
  • 🧍 According to Bartlett et al. (2022), this species is an established human pathogen. Publication: Bartlett A, Padfield D, Lear L, Bendall R, Vos M. A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans. Microbiology 2022; 168:0.

Parent taxon: Cardiobacterium Slotnick and Dougherty 1964 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Han XY, Meltzer MC, Woods JT, Fainstein V. Endocarditis with ruptured cerebral aneurysm caused by Cardiobacterium valvarum sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1590-1595.

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Record number: 774480