Name: Clavibacter toxicus Riley and Ophel 1992

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov.

Etymology: to’xi.cus. N.L. masc. adj. toxicus, poison (sic)

Pronunciation (Latin), gender: … TO-ksi-kus, masculine

Type strain: ATCC 49908; CIP 104617; CS14; DSM 7488; ICMP 9525; JCM 9669; NCPPB 3552

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: D84127 Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Riley IT, Ophel KM. Clavibacter toxicus sp. nov., the bacterium responsible for annual ryegrass toxicity in Australia. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1992; 42:64-68.

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 42, part 1 of the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1992; 42:328-329.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: synonym (and not recommended for medical use)

Correct name: Rathayibacter toxicus (Riley and Ophel 1992) Sasaki et al. 1998

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Rathayibacter toxicus (Riley and Ophel 1992) Sasaki et al. 1998	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Notes:
  • ❗ Clavibacter toxicus is the correct name instead if this species is regarded as a separate species (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another species whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate genus Clavibacter.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 5 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🙅 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as a synonym of the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of other species in the genus.
  • 🧍 Plant pathogenic according to Bull et al. (2007). Publication: Bull CT, De Boer SH, Denny TP, Firrao G, Fischer Le Saux M, Saddler GS, Scortichini M, Stead DE, Takikawa Y. Comprehensive list of names of plant pathogenic bacteria, 1980-2007. Journal of Plant Pathology 2010; 92:551-592. 🇺🇸

Parent taxon: Clavibacter Davis et al. 1984

Assigned by: Riley IT, Ophel KM. Clavibacter toxicus sp. nov., the bacterium responsible for annual ryegrass toxicity in Australia. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1992; 42:64-68.

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Record number: 774779