Name: Escherichia coli (Migula 1895) Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Species

Proposed as: comb. nov.

Basonym: "Bacillus coli" Migula 1895

Etymology: co’li. L. neut. n. colon, the colon; L. gen. neut. n. coli, of the colon

Gender: feminine

Type strain: ATCC 11775; CCUG 24; CCUG 29300; CIP 54.8; DSM 30083; JCM 1649; LMG 2092; NBIMCC 3398; NBRC 102203; NCCB 54008; NCTC 9001

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: AB681728 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Castellani A, Chalmers AJ. Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd ed. Williams Wood and Co., New York, 1919.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name (and explicitly recommended for medical use)

Risk group: 3

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Bacillus coli" Migula 1895	homotypic synonym, not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the genus Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Castellani A, Chalmers AJ. Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd ed. Williams Wood and Co., New York, 1919.
  • 😷 The risk group for Belgium has been imported on 2024-02-05. The full classification is: risk group = 3, note = "enterotoxigenic (ETEC): 2 human and animal pathogen - human: T - biological class of risk animal: 2; default: 2 human and animal pathogen - biological class of risk animal: 2; Enterotoxigenic strain: 2 human and animal pathogen - human: T - biological class of risk animal: 2; Verocytotoxigenic strain: 3 human and animal pathogen - human risk group: 3 - T - (*) - animal risk group: 2 - biological class of risk animal: 2; shiga toxin-producing (STEC): 3 human and animal pathogen - human risk group: 3 - T - (*) - animal risk group: 2 - biological class of risk animal: 2". — The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "BL-21 genetically modified MT3724: 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; Non-lab adapted strains: 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; RR1: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC): 2 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; O104:H4: 2 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2 - Considerations for containment: Prior to CBSG First Edition, additional operation procedures were required.; DH5alpha: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; HB101: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; SCS1: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; enteroinvasive (EIEC): 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; pathogenic strains excluding STEC strains: 2 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; E3C17, O2 serogroup: 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; B: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; strain W3104: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; Shiga-like toxin producing (STEC): 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; O83:H1: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; MRC1: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; uropathogenic (UPEC): 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; K12: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; K-12: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; BL-21: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; V517: 2 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; ATCC 11229: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; AMC 198: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; enteropathogenic (EPEC): 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; NCTC 9001: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; O103: 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; Migula: 2 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; BL21 (DE3) pAY03363: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; Nissle 1917: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; BL21 ?rhaB MmonRI_pLMAR: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; PQ37: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC 25922: 2 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; O157:H7: 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; AW1.7: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; enterotoxigenic (ETEC): 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; K12 strain MG1655: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; Migula) Castellani and Chalmers, strain EKA 133 (ATCC 47071: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; Nissle 1917 genetically modified strain SYNB1934: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; EKA 133: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; 1090: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; FDA Seattle 1936: 2 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; DJ701: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; BLR: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; BB4: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; default: 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; Crooks ATCC 8739: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; DSM 1576: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; 0104:K:412: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; EQ1: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; O26:H4 (ATCC BAA-2212): 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; GC4436: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; C: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; strain ATCC 8739: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; BL21 ?rhaB lacZ::Taq: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; 83: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; Migula 1895 Castellani and Chalmers 1919: 2 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; O157:H7 strain B6914-MS1: 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; BL21 ?rhaB AalcRI _pLMAR: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; GST: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; WP2: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; Chi-1776: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; MEP-04-01 (ACCO6): 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; OP50: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; BL21 ?rhaB MmolRI_pLMAR: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; ATCC 10799: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; A2: 1 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; ATCC 25922: 2 Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No; enterohemorrhagic VTEC (EHEC): 2 Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2; ATCC 11775: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "IMP". — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 3, note = "enterohämorrhagische (EHEC) Stämme z.B. O157:H7 oder O103: 3 T, Z; andere Stämme: 2 TA, ht". — The risk group for France has been imported on 2024-08-30. The full classification is: risk group = 3, note = "à l''exception des souches non pathogènes: 2; hautement pathogènes (E. coli entérohémorragiques (ECEH), entéro-invasifs (ECEI), entéropathogènes (ECEP), entérotoxinogènes (ECET), producteurs de shiga-toxines (STEC)): 3 T, (*)". — The risk group for Sweden has been imported on 2024-02-05. The full classification is: risk group = 3, note = "med undantag av ickepatogena stammar: 2 T - (**); verotoxigena stammar (t.ex. O157:H7 eller O103): 3 T - (**)". — The risk group for Taiwan has been imported on 2024-11-03. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "non-pathogenic strains)大腸桿菌(非致病株: 1 P650 = v; default: 2 P620 = v, P650 = v". — The risk group for United Kingdom has been imported on 2024-01-31. The full classification is: risk group = 3, note = "non-pathogenic strains: 2 *; verocytotoxigenic strains (eg O157:H7 or O103): 3 *". — The risk group for United States has been imported on 2024-02-09. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "all enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive and strains bearing K1 antigen, including Escherichia coli O157:H7: 2; default: 2 all enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive and strains bearing K1 antigen, including Escherichia coli O157:H7". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 9999 times (maxed out) in PubMed until 2024-03-28.
  • 🙆 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the species itself.
  • 🧍 According to Bartlett et al. (2022), this species is an established human pathogen. Publication: Bartlett A, Padfield D, Lear L, Bendall R, Vos M. A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans. Microbiology 2022; 168:0.
  • 🧍 See also Clermont et al. (2015). Publication: Clermont O, Gordon D, Denamur E. Guide to the various phylogenetic classification schemes for Escherichia coli and the correspondence among schemes. Microbiology (Reading) 2015; 161:980-988.
  • 🧍 See also McMahon et al. (2024). Publication: McMahon T, Clarke S, Deschenes M, Tapp K, Blais B, Gill A. Real-time PCR primers and probes for the detection of Shiga toxin genes, including novel subtypes. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 419:110744.
  • 🧍 The genome of the type strain was sequenced as part of the GEBA (Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea) project. Publication: Meier-Kolthoff JP, Hahnke RL, Petersen J, Scheuner C, Michael V, Fiebig A, Rohde C, Rohde M, Fartmann B, Goodwin LA, et al. Complete genome sequence of DSM 30083^T, the type strain (U5/41^T) of Escherichia coli, and a proposal for delineating subspecies in microbial taxonomy. Stand Genomic Sci 2014; 9:2.
  • 🧍 Escherichia coli and the four species of the genus Shigella are a single species on the basis of DNA relatedness. Moreover, these taxa are often difficult to separate biochemically, and pathogenicity does not provide definitive separation (some Escherichia coli strains can cause a dysentery-like diarrhea). However, they remain separate species to avoid confusion in medical microbiology. Publication: Brenner DJ. Family I. Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937, Nom. fam. cons. Opin. 15, Jud. Com. 1958, 73; Ewing, Farmer, and Brenner 1980, 674; Judicial Commission 1981, 104. In: Krieg NR, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, first edition, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1984, p. 408-420.

Parent taxon: Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Castellani A, Chalmers AJ. Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd ed. Williams Wood and Co., New York, 1919.

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Record number: 776057