Name: "Bacteria" Woese et al. 1990

Category: Domain

Proposed as: new domain

Etymology: Gr. neut. dim. n. baktêrion, small rod or staff; N.L. neut. pl. n. Bacteria, derived from the plural of bacterium (not formed from a genus name)

Original publication: Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:4576-4579.

Nomenclatural status: not validly published

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Bacteria" Cavalier-Smith 2002	heterotypic synonym, not validly published

• Notes:
  • Battistuzzi and Hedges (2009) assigned the superphylum "Hydrobacteria" Battistuzzi and Hedges 2009 to this domain. Publication: Battistuzzi FU, Hedges SB. A major clade of prokaryotes with ancient adaptations to life on land. Mol Biol Evol 2009; 26:335-343.
  • Battistuzzi et al. (2004) assigned the superphylum "Terrabacteria" Battistuzzi et al. 2004 to this domain. Publication: Battistuzzi FU, Feijao A, Hedges SB. A genomic timescale of prokaryote evolution: insights into the origin of methanogenesis, phototrophy, and the colonization of land. BMC Evol Biol 2004; 4:44.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Aquificae" Reysenbach 2001 to this domain. Publication: Reysenbach AL. Phylum BI. Aquificae phy. nov. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 359-367.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Chrysiogenetes" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. Phylum BV. Chrysiogenetes phy. nov. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 421-425.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Thermomicrobia" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. Phylum BVII. Thermomicrobia phy. nov. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 447-450.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Thermotogae" Reysenbach 2001 to this domain. Publication: Reysenbach AL. Phylum BII. Thermotogae phy. nov. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 369-387.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Verrucomicrobia" Hedlund et al. 1997 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Chlorobi" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. Phylum BXI. Chlorobi phy. nov. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 601-623.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Chloroflexi" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. Phylum BVI. Chloroflexi phy. nov. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria), Springer, New York, 2001, p. 427-446.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Deferribacteres" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. Phylum BIX. Deferribacteres phy. nov. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria), Springer, New York, 2001, p. 465-471.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Thermodesulfobacteria" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. Phylum BIII. Thermodesulfobacteria phy. nov. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria), Springer, New York, 2001, p. 389-393.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Chlamydiae" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Fibrobacteres" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Fusobacteria" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Firmicutes" corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Planctomycetes" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Spirochaetes" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Nitrospirae" Garrity and Holt 2001 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. Phylum BVIII. Nitrospirae phy. nov. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 451-464.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Bacteroidetes" to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the phylum "Deinococcusthermus" to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Brenner et al. (2005) assigned the family Bradyrhizobiaceae Garrity et al. 2006 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Family VII. Bradyrhizobiaceae fam. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria) part C (The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 438.
  • Brenner et al. (2005) assigned the phylum "Proteobacteria" Garrity et al. 2005 to this domain. Publication: Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Phylum XIV. Proteobacteria phyl. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 1.
  • Brown et al. (2015) assigned the superphylum "Parcubacteria" Brown et al. 2015 to this domain. Publication: Brown CT, Hug LA, Thomas BC, Sharon I, Castelle CJ, Singh A, Wilkins MJ, Wrighton KC, Williams KH, Banfield JF. Unusual biology across a group comprising more than 15% of domain Bacteria. Nature 2015; 523:208-211.
  • Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned the subkingdom "Negibacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1987 to this domain. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76.
  • Cavalier-Smith and Chao (2020) assigned the class "Clostridiia" Cavalier-Smith 2020 to this domain. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE. Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria). Protoplasma 2020; 257:621-753.
  • Cho et al. (2004) assigned the phylum "Lentisphaerae" Cho et al. 2004 to this domain. Publication: Cho JC, Vergin KL, Morris RM, Giovannoni SJ. Lentisphaera araneosa gen. nov., sp. nov, a transparent exopolymer producing marine bacterium, and the description of a novel bacterial phylum, Lentisphaerae. Environ Microbiol 2004; 6:611-621.
  • De Vos et al. (2009) assigned the family Ruminococcaceae Rainey 2010 to this domain. Publication: Rainey FA. Family VIII. Ruminococcaceae fam. nov. In: De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, K.-H. S, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 3 (The Firmicutes), Springer, New York, 2009, p. 1016.
  • Di Rienzi et al. (2013) assigned the phylum "Candidatus Melainabacteria" Di Rienzi et al. 2013 to this domain. Publication: Di Rienzi SC, Sharon I, Wrighton KC, Koren O, Hug LA, Thomas BC, Goodrich JK, Bell JT, Spector TD, Banfield JF, et al. The human gut and groundwater harbor non-photosynthetic bacteria belonging to a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria. Elife 2013; 2:e01102.
  • Geissinger et al. (2009) assigned the phylum "Elusimicrobia" Geissinger et al. 2009 to this domain. Publication: Geissinger O, Herlemann DP, Morschel E, Maier UG, Brune A. The ultramicrobacterium "Elusimicrobium minutum" gen. nov., sp. nov., the first cultivated representative of the termite group 1 phylum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2831-2840.
  • Goodfellow et al. (2012) assigned the phylum "Actinobacteria" Goodfellow 2012 to this domain. Publication: Goodfellow M. Phylum XXVI. Actinobacteria phyl. nov. In: Goodfellow M, Kämpfer P, H.-J. B, Trujillo ME, Suzuki K, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 5, Springer, New York, 2012, p. 33-34.
  • Hahnke et al. (2016) assigned the phylum "Balneolaeota" Hahnke et al. 2016 to this domain. Publication: Hahnke RL, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Garcia-Lopez M, Mukherjee S, Huntemann M, Ivanova NN, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Klenk HP, Goker M. Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2003.
  • Jumas-Bilak et al. (2009) assigned the phylum "Synergistetes" Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009 to this domain. Publication: Jumas-Bilak E, Roudiere L, Marchandin H. Description of 'Synergistetes' phyl. nov. and emended description of the phylum 'Deferribacteres' and of the family Syntrophomonadaceae, phylum 'Firmicutes'. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:1028-1035.
  • Kantor et al. (2015) assigned the phylum "Candidatus Kapabacteria" Kantor et al. 2015 to this domain. Publication: Kantor RS, van Zyl AW, van Hille RP, Thomas BC, Harrison ST, Banfield JF. Bioreactor microbial ecosystems for thiocyanate and cyanide degradation unravelled with genome-resolved metagenomics. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4929-4941.
  • Komarek and Golubic (1990) assigned the family "Nostochopsidaceae" to this domain. Publication: Komarek J, Golubic S. Guide to the Nomenclature and formal taxonomic treatment of oxyphototroph prokaryotes (Cyanoprokaryotes). Unknown Publisher, Unknown City, 1990.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the phylum "Acidobacteria" Thrash and Coates 2010 to this domain. Publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the phylum "Dictyoglomi" Patel 2010 to this domain. Publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563.
  • Kublanov et al. (2017) assigned the phylum "Calditrichaeota" Kublanov et al. 2017 to this domain. Publication: Kublanov IV, Sigalova OM, Gavrilov SN, Lebedinsky AV, Rinke C, Kovaleva O, Chernyh NA, Ivanova N, Daum C, Reddy TB, et al. Genomic Analysis of Caldithrix abyssi, the Thermophilic Anaerobic Bacterium of the Novel Bacterial Phylum Calditrichaeota. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:195.
  • Luecker et al. (2013) assigned the phylum "Nitrospinae" Lücker et al. 2013 to this domain. Publication: Lucker S, Nowka B, Rattei T, Spieck E, Daims H. The Genome of Nitrospina gracilis Illuminates the Metabolism and Evolution of the Major Marine Nitrite Oxidizer. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:27.
  • McLean et al. (2020) assigned the class "Candidatus Saccharimonadia" Lemos et al. 2019 to this domain. Publication: McLean JS, Bor B, Kerns KA, Liu Q, To TT, Solden L, Hendrickson EL, Wrighton K, Shi W, He X. Acquisition and Adaptation of Ultra-small Parasitic Reduced Genome Bacteria to Mammalian Hosts. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107939.
  • Mori et al. (2009) assigned the phylum "Caldiserica" Mori et al. 2009 to this domain. Publication: Mori K, Yamaguchi K, Sakiyama Y, Urabe T, Suzuki K. Caldisericum exile gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic, filamentous bacterium of a novel bacterial phylum, Caldiserica phyl. nov., originally called the candidate phylum OP5, and description of Caldisericaceae fam. nov., Caldisericales ord. nov. and Caldisericia classis nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:2894-2898.
  • Munoz et al. (2016) assigned the phylum "Rhodothermaeota" Munoz et al. 2016 to this domain. Publication: Munoz R, Rossello-Mora R, Amann R. Revised phylogeny of Bacteroidetes and proposal of sixteen new taxa and two new combinations including Rhodothermaeota phyl. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 2016; 39:281-296.
  • Rinke et al. (2013) assigned the phylum "Candidatus Marinimicrobia" Rinke et al. 2013 to this domain. Publication: Rinke C, Schwientek P, Sczyrba A, Ivanova NN, Anderson IJ, Cheng JF, Darling A, Malfatti S, Swan BK, Gies EA, et al. Insights into the phylogeny and coding potential of microbial dark matter. Nature 2013; 499:431-437.
  • Rinke et al. (2013) assigned the superphylum "Candidatus Patescibacteria" Rinke et al. 2013 to this domain. Publication: Rinke C, Schwientek P, Sczyrba A, Ivanova NN, Anderson IJ, Cheng JF, Darling A, Malfatti S, Swan BK, Gies EA, et al. Insights into the phylogeny and coding potential of microbial dark matter. Nature 2013; 499:431-437.
  • Sleep (2018) assigned the subdomain "Selabacteria" Sleep 2018 to this domain. Publication: Sleep NH. Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Life. Astrobiology 2018; 18:1199-1219.
  • Song et al. (2021) assigned the order "Treponematales" to this domain. Publication: Song Y, Herve V, Radek R, Pfeiffer F, Zheng H, Brune A. Characterization and phylogenomic analysis of Breznakiella homolactica gen. nov. sp. nov. indicate that termite gut treponemes evolved from non-acetogenic spirochetes in cockroaches. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4228-4245.
  • Spring et al. (2016) assigned the phylum "Kiritimatiellaeota" Spring et al. 2016 to this domain. Publication: Spring S, Bunk B, Sproer C, Schumann P, Rohde M, Tindall BJ, Klenk HP. Characterization of the first cultured representative of Verrucomicrobia subdivision 5 indicates the proposal of a novel phylum. ISME J 2016; 10:2801-2816.
  • Tamaki et al. (2011) assigned the phylum "Armatimonadetes" Tamaki et al. 2011 to this domain. Publication: Tamaki H, Tanaka Y, Matsuzawa H, Muramatsu M, Meng XY, Hanada S, Mori K, Kamagata Y. Armatimonas rosea gen. nov., sp. nov., of a novel bacterial phylum, Armatimonadetes phyl. nov., formally called the candidate phylum OP10. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:1442-1447.
  • Waite et al. (2020) assigned the phylum "Desulfobacterota" Waite et al. 2020 to this domain. Publication: Waite DW, Chuvochina M, Pelikan C, Parks DH, Yilmaz P, Wagner M, Loy A, Naganuma T, Nakai R, Whitman WB, et al. Proposal to reclassify the proteobacterial classes Deltaproteobacteria and Oligoflexia, and the phylum Thermodesulfobacteria into four phyla reflecting major functional capabilities. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:5972-6016.
  • Ward et al. (2018) assigned the class "Candidatus Thermofontia" corrig. Ward et al. 2018 to this domain. Publication: Ward LM, Hemp J, Shih PM, McGlynn SE, Fischer WW. Evolution of Phototrophy in the Chloroflexi Phylum Driven by Horizontal Gene Transfer. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:260.
  • Watanabe et al. (2020) assigned the phylum "Desulfotomaculota" Watanabe et al. 2019 to this domain. Publication: Watanabe M, Fukui M, Kuever J. Desulfoluciania gen. nov. In: Anonymous Nn e (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2020, p. 1-4.
  • Zhang et al. (2003) assigned the phylum "Gemmatimonadetes" Zhang et al. 2003 to this domain. Publication: Zhang H, Sekiguchi Y, Hanada S, Hugenholtz P, Kim H, Kamagata Y, Nakamura K. Gemmatimonas aurantiaca gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-negative, aerobic, polyphosphate-accumulating micro-organism, the first cultured representative of the new bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes phyl. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:1155-1163.
  • This taxon name is occasionally misprinted in some sources as: "Bacteira"; "Bacteriaa"; "Bacterie"; "Bacterima"; "Bacteriota"; "Bacteriua"; "Bncteria".
  • This taxon name is a homonym of "Bacteria" Cavalier-Smith 2002.
  • This taxon name is a homonym of "Bacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1987.
  • A nomenclatural type has not been designated.
  • Minimal standards for the description of new taxa in this group were published in 2010. Publication: Tindall BJ, Rossello-Mora R, Busse HJ, Ludwig W, Kampfer P. Notes on the characterization of prokaryote strains for taxonomic purposes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 60:249-266.
  • The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 16135; JCM: 9653; ATCC: 7335; LMG: 5886; KCTC: 5511; NBRC: 5318; CCUG: 4582; NRRL: 2765; IFO: 2542; CGMCC: 2380.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 36
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 36
Total number of child taxa: 78

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    "Abditibacteriota" Tahon et al. 2018	not validly published
    "Candidatus Acetothermia" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    Acidobacteriota Thrash and Coates 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Actinomycetota Goodfellow 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Aerophobetes" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    "Candidatus Aminicenantes" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    Aquificota Reysenbach 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Armatimonadota Tamaki et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Atribacteria" Dodsworth et al. 2013	not validly published
    Atribacterota Katayama et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Bacillota Gibbons and Murray 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    [Bacteria, not assigned to phylum]	artificial parent node of taxa incertae sedis
    Bacteroidota Krieg et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Balneolota Hahnke et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Binatota" Chuvochina et al. 2019	not validly published
    "Candidatus Bipolaricaulota" Hao et al. 2018	not validly published
    Caldisericota Mori et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Calditrichota Kublanov et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Calescamantes" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    Chlamydiota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Chlorobiota Iino et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Chloroflexota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Chrysiogenota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Cloacimonetes" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    Coprothermobacterota Pavan et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Cryosericota" Martinez et al. 2019	not validly published
    "Cyanobacteria" Woese et al. 1985	not validly published
    Deferribacterota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Deinococcota Weisburg et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Dependentiae" Yeoh et al. 2016	not validly published
    Dictyoglomota Patel 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Dormibacteraeota" Ji et al. 2017	not validly published
    "Candidatus Elulota" Rodriguez et al. 2020	not validly published
    Elusimicrobiota Geissinger et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Eremiobacteraeota" Ji et al. 2017	not validly published
    "Candidatus Eremiobacterota" Ward et al. 2019	not validly published
    "Candidatus Fermentibacteria" Kirkegaard et al. 2016	not validly published
    "Candidatus Fervidibacteria" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    Fibrobacterota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Fusobacteriota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Gemmatimonadota Zhang et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Goldbacteria" Hernsdorf et al. 2017	not validly published
    "Candidatus Gracilibacteria" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    "Candidatus Hydrogenedentes" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    "Candidatus Hydrothermota" Chuvochina et al. 2019	not validly published
    "Candidatus Kapabacteria" Kantor et al. 2015	inaccurate spelling
    Kiritimatiellota Spring et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Krumholzibacteriota" Youssef et al. 2019	not validly published
    "Candidatus Kryptonia" Eloe-Fadrosh et al. 2016	not validly published
    "Candidatus Latescibacteria" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    Lentisphaerota Cho et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Margulisbacteria" Anantharaman et al. 2016	not validly published
    "Candidatus Mcinerneyibacteriota" Yadav et al. 2020	not validly published
    "Candidatus Microgenomates" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    "Candidatus Modulibacteria" Sekiguchi et al. 2015	not validly published
    "Candidatus Muirbacteria" Barnum et al. 2018	not validly published
    Mycoplasmatota Murray 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Nitrospinota Lücker et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Nitrospirota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Omnitrophica" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    "Candidatus Parcubacteria" Rinke et al. 2013	not validly published
    "Candidatus Parcunitrobacteria" Castelle et al. 2017	not validly published
    "Candidatus Peregrinibacteria" Brown et al. 2015	not validly published
    Planctomycetota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Protophyta" Sachs 1874	not validly published
    Pseudomonadota Garrity et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Pyropristinus" Colman et al. 2016	not validly published
    Rhodothermota Munoz et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Riflebacteria" Anantharaman et al. 2016	not validly published
    "Candidatus Saccharibacteria" Albertsen et al. 2013	not validly published
    Spirochaetota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Sumerlaeota" Kadnikov et al. 2019	not validly published
    Synergistota Jumas-Bilak et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Thermodesulfobacteriota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Thermomicrobiota Garrity and Holt 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Thermotogota Reysenbach 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Verrucomicrobiota Hedlund 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Wirthbacteria" Hug et al. 2016	not validly published

Parent taxon: None.

Assigned by: Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:4576-4579.

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Record number: 167