Name: "Firmicutes" corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Phylum

Proposed as: phyl. nov.

Type order: Bacillales Prévot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980)

Original publication: Gibbons NE, Murray RGE. Proposals Concerning the Higher Taxa of Bacteria. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1978; 28:1-6.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: not validly published

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Firmacutes" Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)	homotypic synonym, orthographic variant
    "Endobacteria" (Cavalier-Smith 1998) Cavalier-Smith 2020	homotypic synonym, not validly published
    "Bacillaeota" Oren et al. 2015	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
    "Bacillota" Whitman et al. 2018	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
    "Posibacteria" Cavalier-Smith 2002	homotypic synonym, not validly published

• Emendations:
  • Garrity and Holt 2001 Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
    Notes:
    • The e-mail address of the corresponding author given in the associated publication is not functional any more.

• Notes:
  • Afouda et al. (2018) assigned the genus "Massilimalia" to this phylum. Publication: Afouda P, Dubourg G, Cadoret F, Fournier PE, Raoult D. 'Massilimalia timonensis' sp. nov., a new bacterium species isolated from human faeces after decontamination with alcohol. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 21:86-87.
  • Bilen et al. (2017) assigned the genus "Mobilibacterium" Bilen et al. 2017 to this phylum. Publication: Bilen M, Ndongo S, Cadoret F, Dubourg G, Daoud Z, Fournier PE, Raoult D. 'Mobilibacterium massiliense' gen. nov. and 'Mobilibacterium timonense' sp. nov., identified in a human stool specimen. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 15:61-62.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the class Mollicutes Edward and Freundt 1967 (Approved Lists 1980) to this phylum. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Lv et al. (2020) assigned the order Moorellales Lv et al. 2020 to this phylum. Publication: Lv XM, Yang M, Dai LR, Tu B, Chang C, Huang Y, Deng Y, Lawson PA, Zhang H, Cheng L, et al. Zhaonella formicivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic formate-utilizing bacterium isolated from Shengli oilfield, and proposal of four novel families and Moorellales ord. nov. in the phylum Firmicutes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3361-3373.
  • Rosero et al. (2016) assigned the genus "Garciaella" to this phylum. Publication: Rosero JA, Killer J, Sechovcova H, Mrazek J, Benada O, Fliegerova K, Havlik J, Kopecny J. Reclassification of Eubacterium rectale (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Prevot 1938 in a new genus Agathobacter gen. nov. as Agathobacter rectalis comb. nov., and description of Agathobacter ruminis sp. nov., isolated from the rumen contents of sheep and cows. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:768-773.
  • Sorokin et al. (2021) assigned the class "Natranaerobiia" Sorokin et al. 2021 to this phylum. Publication: Sorokin DY, Diender M, Merkel AY, Koenen M, Bale NJ, Pabst M, Sinninghe Damste JS, Sousa DZ. Natranaerofaba carboxydovora gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely haloalkaliphilic CO-utilizing acetogen from a hypersaline soda lake representing a novel deep phylogenetic lineage in the class 'Natranaerobiia'. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3460-3476.
  • Tall et al. (2019) assigned the genus "Massilimicrobiota" Tall et al. 2019 to this phylum. Publication: Tall ML, Ndongo S, Ngom II, Delerce J, Khelaifia S, Raoult D, Fournier PE, Levasseur A. Massilimicrobiota timonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from the human gut microbiota. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 31:100574.
  • Verbarg et al. (2004) assigned the family Erysipelotrichaceae Verbarg et al. 2004 to this phylum. Publication: Verbarg S, Rheims H, Emus S, Fruhling A, Kroppenstedt RM, Stackebrandt E, Schumann P. Erysipelothrix inopinata sp. nov., isolated in the course of sterile filtration of vegetable peptone broth, and description of Erysipelotrichaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:221-225.
  • This taxon name is occasionally misprinted in some sources as: "Fermicutes"; "Fimicutes"; "Fimzicutes"; "Finnicutes"; "Firmcutes"; "Firmucutes"; "Frimicutes".
  • This taxon name is occasionally used in singular form as: "Firmicute".
  • This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Anonymous NN. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes: Minutes of the Interim Meetings, 1 and 2 August, 1992, Ames, Iowa. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1993; 43:394-397.
  • This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Tully J. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology: Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1993; 43:394-397.
  • The original spelling Firmacutes (sic) used by Gibbons and Murray for a division appears to have been corrected to Firmicutes. Publication: Murray RGE. The higher taxa, or, a place for everything..? In: Krieg NR, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 1, The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1984, p. 31-34.
  • This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Tully J. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology: Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1993; 43:394-397.
  • The original spelling, Firmacutes (sic), has been corrected by Murray 1984. Publication: Murray RGE. The higher taxa, or, a place for everything..? In: Krieg NR, Holt JG (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, first edition, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1984, p. 31-34.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 7
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 7
Total number of child taxa: 9

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Bacilli Ludwig et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Clostridia Rainey 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Culicoidibacteria Neupane et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Erysipelotrichia Ludwig et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    [Firmicutes, not assigned to class]	artificial parent node of taxa incertae sedis
    Limnochordia Watanabe et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Negativicutes Marchandin et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Thermolithobacteria Sokolova et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Tissierellia" Alauzet et al. 2014	not validly published

Parent taxon: "Bacteria" Woese et al. 1990

Assigned by: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.

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Record number: 777