Name: Protomonas extorquens (ex Bassalik 1913) Urakami and Komagata 1984

Category: Species

Proposed as: sp. nov., nom. rev.

Etymology: ex.tor’quens. L. fem. part. adj. extorquens, twisting out

Pronunciation, gender: ex-TOR-kwens, feminine

Type strain: ATCC 43645; CCUG 2084; DSM 1337; IAM 12631; IFO 15687; JCM 2802; NBRC 15687; NCCB 78015; NCIB 9399; NCIMB 9399; TK 0001; VKM B-2064

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: AB175632 Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Urakami T, Komagata K. Protomonas, a new genus of facultatively methylotrophic bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1984; 34:188-201.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP, illegitimate name

Taxonomic status: synonym (and not recommended for medical use)

Correct name: Methylorubrum extorquens (Urakami and Komagata 1984 ex Bassalik 1913) Green and Ardley 2018

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Methylorubrum extorquens (Urakami and Komagata 1984 ex Bassalik 1913) Green and Ardley 2018	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Methylobacterium extorquens (Urakami and Komagata 1984 ex Bassalik 1913) Bousfield and Green 1985	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the genus Protomonas Urakami and Komagata 1984. Publication: Urakami T, Komagata K. Protomonas, a new genus of facultatively methylotrophic bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1984; 34:188-201.
  • ⏰ According to Alessa et al. (2021), this species is not an earlier heterotypic synonym of Methylobacterium chloromethanicum McDonald et al. 2001. Publication: Alessa O, Ogura Y, Fujitani Y, Takami H, Hayashi T, Sahin N, Tani A. Comprehensive Comparative Genomics and Phenotyping of Methylobacterium Species. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:740610.
  • ⏰ According to Alessa et al. (2021), this species is not an earlier heterotypic synonym of Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum Doronina et al. 2000. Publication: Alessa O, Ogura Y, Fujitani Y, Takami H, Hayashi T, Sahin N, Tani A. Comprehensive Comparative Genomics and Phenotyping of Methylobacterium Species. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:740610.
  • ⏰ According to Kato et al. (2005), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Methylobacterium chloromethanicum McDonald et al. 2001. Publication: Kato Y, Asahara M, Arai D, Goto K, Yokota A. Reclassification of Methylobacterium chloromethanicum and Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum as later subjective synonyms of Methylobacterium extorquens and of Methylobacterium lusitanum as a later subjective synonym of Methylobacterium rhodesianum. J Gen Appl Microbiol 2005; 51:287-299.
  • ⏰ According to Kato et al. (2005), this species is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum Doronina et al. 2000. Publication: Kato Y, Asahara M, Arai D, Goto K, Yokota A. Reclassification of Methylobacterium chloromethanicum and Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum as later subjective synonyms of Methylobacterium extorquens and of Methylobacterium lusitanum as a later subjective synonym of Methylobacterium rhodesianum. J Gen Appl Microbiol 2005; 51:287-299.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 3 times in PubMed until 2025-06-04.
  • 🙅 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as a synonym of the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded risk group of the genus.

Parent taxon: Protomonas Urakami and Komagata 1984

Assigned by: Urakami T, Komagata K. Protomonas, a new genus of facultatively methylotrophic bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1984; 34:188-201.

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Record number: 779883