Requests for Opinions, Judicial Opinions, and actions of the Judicial Commission on Requests for Opinions

Some actions denied or not considered or withdrawn

Introduction

In those cases where strict adherence to the Rules of nomenclature would produce confusion or would not result in nomenclatural stability, exceptions to the Rules may be requested of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (formerly International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology). Requests for Opinions must be accompanied by a fully documented statement of the relevant facts. The Judicial Commission will consider all Requests for Opinions and either issue an Opinion in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (formerly International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology) or signify its attitude in some other way.
Reference: Rule 4 and Appendix 8 of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). In: LAPAGE (S.P.), SNEATH (P.H.A.), LESSEL (E.F.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.), SEELIGER (H.P.R.) and CLARK (W.A.): International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 Revision). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1992, pp. 152-155.

A request is considered first by the Judicial Commission and an Opinion is issued when ten or more Commissioners vote in favor of doing so. All Opinions shall be reported to the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP), and unless rescinded by a majority of those voting in this Committee, such Opinions shall be considered final.
Reference: General Consideration 6 (4), and Article 8c (2) of the Statutes of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. In: LAPAGE (S.P.), SNEATH (P.H.A.), LESSEL (E.F.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.), SEELIGER (H.P.R.) and CLARK (W.A.): International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 Revision). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1992, pp. 152-155.

Opinions A, B and C, issued by the International Committee on Bacteriological Nomenclature at the second International Congress for Microbiology, London 1936, are included in the Appendix 5 of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision).

Opinions 1 to 63, issued by the Judicial Commission, appear in the Appendix 5 of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision).

Opinions and actions of the Judicial Commission on Requests for Opinions, not included in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), are provided below under three lists.
1 Opinions 64 to 87
2 Some actions denied or not considered or withdrawn
3 Opinions pending

Contents

Opinions 64 to 87

Opinion 64

The type strain of Methanobacterium formicicum is strain MF (DSM 1535), replacing strain M.o.H. (DSM 863). Methanobacterium bryantii is reinstated with its type strain M.o.H. (DSM 863).

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 14 September 1990, Osaka, Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 185-187.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Opinion 64. Designation of strain MF (DSM 1535) in place of strain M. o. H. (DSM 863) as the type strain of Methanobacterium formicicum Schnellen 1947, and designation of strain M. o. H. (DSM 863) as the type strain of Methanobacterium bryantii (Balch and Wolfe in Balch, Fox, Magrum, Woese, and Wolfe 1979, 284) Boone 1987, 173. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 654.
Original article in IJSB Online
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Boone [BOONE (D.R.): Replacement of the type strain of Methanobacterium formicicum and reinstatement of Methanobacterium bryantii sp. nov. nom. rev. (ex Balch and Wolfe, 1981) with M.o.H. (DSM 863) as the type strain. Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 172-173. Original article in IJSB Online]

Opinion 65

The type strain of Selenomonas sputigena is VPI D 19B-28 (ATCC 35185, replacing VPI 10068 (ATCC 33150.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Opinion 65. Designation of strain VPI D 19B-28 (ATCC 35185 in place of strain VPI 10068 (ATCC 33150 as the type strain of Selenomonas sputigena (Flügge 1886) Boskamp 1922. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 655.
Original article in IJSB Online
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Johnson et al. [JOHNSON (J.L.), HOLDEMAN (L.V.) and MOORE (W.E.C.): Replacement of the type strain of Selenomonas sputigena under Rule 18g. Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1985, 35, 371-374. Original article in IJSB Online]

Opinion 66

The type strain of Streptococcus mitis is NS 51 (NCTC 12261), replacing NCTC 3165.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 14 September 1990, Osaka, Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 185-187.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Opinion 66. Designation of strain NS 51 (NCTC 12261) in place of strain NCTC 3165 as the type strain of Streptococcus mitis Andrewes and Horder 1906. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 391.
Original article in IJSB Online
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinions requested by Coykendall [COYKENDALL (A.L.): Rejection of the type strain of Streptococcus mitis (Andrewes and Horder 1906). Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1989, 39, 207-209. Original article in IJSB Online] and by Kilian et al. [KILIAN (M.), MIKKELSEN (L.) and HENRICHSEN (J.): Replacement of the type strain of Streptococcus mitis. Request for an opinion under Rule 18g. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1989, 39, 498-499.Original article in IJSB Online]

Opinion 67

The name Citrobacter diversus Werkman and Gillen 1932 is placed on the list of nomina rejicienda because it was incorrectly used by Ewing and Davis in 1972 as the name for a new species that cannot be considered identical to the organism described by Werkman and Gillen and thus is a nomen dubium.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 14 September 1990, Osaka, Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 185-187.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Opinion 67. Rejection of the name Citrobacter diversus Werkman and Gillen 1932. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 392.
Original article in IJSB Online
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Frederiksen [FREDERIKSEN (W.): Correct names of the species Citrobacter koseri, Levinea malonatica, and Citrobacter diversus. Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 107-108. Original article in IJSB Online]

Opinion 68

Pediococcus acidilactici is conserved with neotype strain B213c (= DSM 20284), which replaces NCDO 1859.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Opinion 68. Designation of strain B213c (DSM 20284) in place of strain NCDO 1859 as the type strain of Pediococcus acidilactici Lindner 1887. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 835.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: VIIIth International Congress of Microbiology and Applied Bacteriology. Minutes of the Meetings, 17 and 22 August 1996, Jerusalem, Israel. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 240-241.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Tanasupawat et al. [TANASUPAWAT (S.), OKADA (S.), KOZAKI (M.) and KOMAGATA (K.): Characterization of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus acidilactici strains and replacement of the type strain of P. acidilactici with the proposed neotype DSM 20284. Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 860-863. Original article in IJSB Online]

Note: See also the Request for an Opinion by ¤ Garvie, 1986.

Opinion 69

The name Clostridium putrificum is rejected while Clostridium botulinum is conserved for toxigenic strains and Clostridium sporogenes is conserved for non-toxigenic strains.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: VIIIth International Congress of Microbiology and Applied Bacteriology. Minutes of the Meetings, 17 and 22 August 1996, Jerusalem, Israel. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 240-241.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Rejection of Clostridium putrificum and conservation of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium sporogenes - Opinion 69. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 339.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Olsen et al. [OLSEN (I.), JOHNSON (J.L.), MOORE (L.V.H.) and MOORE (W.E.C.): Rejection of Clostridium putrificum and conservation of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium sporogenes. Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 414. Original article in IJSB Online]

Opinion 70

The Judicial Commission decided that strain NCTC 4175, used as the neotype strain of Proteus vulgaris since 1963, be replaced by strain ATCC 29905.

Reference:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Replacement of strain NCTC 4175, since 1963 the neotype strain of Proteus vulgaris, with strain ATCC 29905- Opinion 70. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1949.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Brenner et al. [BRENNER (D.J.), HICKMAN-BRENNER (F.W.), HOLMES (B.), HAWKEY (P.M.), PENNER (J.L.), GRIMONT (P.A.D.) and O'HARA (C.M.): Replacement of NCTC 4175, the current type strain of Proteus vulgaris, with ATCC 29905 Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 870-871. Original article in IJSB Online]

Opinion 71

The Judicial Commission decided that the date of valid publication of the genus name Thermodesulfobacterium is 1995. This holds as well for the species name Thermodesulfobacterium commune with the type strain: YSRA-1 (ATCC 33708= DSM 2178) and for the species name Thermodesulfobacterium thermophilum (originally described as Desulfovibrio thermophilus) with the type strain VKM V-1128. The type of the genus Thermodesulfobacterium is Thermodesulfobacterium commune. The Judicial Commission further decided that Thermodesulfobacterium mobile Rozanova and Pivovarova (1988) is an illegitimate later synonym of Thermodesulfobacterium thermophilum.

Opinion requested by Tao et al. [TAO (T.S.), YUE (Y.Y.) and FANG (C.X.): Irregularities in the validation of the genus Thermodesulfobacterium and its species. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 622. Original article in IJSB Online]

Opinion 72

The Judicial Commission denied the Request for an Opinion by Dellaglio and Klein (1997), who had doubted the valid publication of Lactobacillus panis by Wiese et al. (1996), because the type strain DSM 6035 at the time of its publication was not available from any culture collection.
The Judicial Commission decided that strain DSM 6035 is the type strain of Lactobacillus panis with the consequence, that the name Lactobacillus panis has been validly published.

Opinion requested by Dellaglio and Klein [DELLAGLIO (F.) and KLEIN (G.): Rejection of Lactobacillus panis (Wiese et al. 1996). Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 910. Original article in IJSB Online]

Opinion 73

The Judicial Commission decided that Paenibacillus durus has priority over Paenibacillus azotofixans, further that the type strain of Paenibacillus durus is VPI 6563 (= ATCC 27763= DSM 1735), not P3L5 (= ATCC 35681. Paenibacillus azotofixans is a later synonym of Paenibacillus durus. The argument that the specific epithet azotofixans would be more informative than the specific epithet durus cannot be taken into consideration when the priority is clear.

Reference:
TRÜPER (H.G.): Paenibacillus durus (Collins et al. 1994, formerly Clostridium durum Smith and Cato 1974) has priority over Paenibacillus azotofixans (Seldin et al. 1984). Opinion 73. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 931.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Logan et al. [LOGAN (N.A.), HEYNDRICKX (M.), BERKELEY (R.C.W.) and DE VOS (P.): Paenibacillus azotofixans (Seldin et al. 1984) Ash et al. 1995 does not have priority over Paenibacillus durum (Smith and Cato 1974) Collins et al. 1994: Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1998, 48, 325-326. Original article in IJSB Online]

Opinion 74

In a request for an Opinion, Grant et al. proposed strain NCIMB 13488 as neotype of Halorubrum trapanicum, arguing that strain NRC 34021, derived from Petter's original isolate of Halorubrum trapanicum is no longer available. They state, however, that the proposed neotype is also derived from Petter's original isolate.
The Judicial Commission decided that Halorubrum trapanicum strain NCIMB 13488 will not be the neotype, but since it is derived from NRC 34021, which in turn is derived from Petter's original isolate, it is "a strain on which the original description was based" (Rule 18c), and may therefore also serve as the type strain of the species.

Opinion requested by Grant et al. [GRANT (W.D.), OREN (A.) and VENTOSA (A.): Proposal of strain NCIMB 13488 as neotype of Halorubrum trapanicum. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1998, 48, 1077-1078. Original article in IJSB Online]

Opinion 75

Boone and Kamagata 1998 requested a Judicial Opinion to reject the name Methanothrix soehngenii Huser et al. 1983 as a nomen confusum and to place this name on the list of rejected names.
The Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes has decided to place the genus Methanothrix with the species Methanothrix soehngenii Huser et al. 1983 on the list of nomina rejicienda, based on the fact that it is not represented by an axenic culture and contravenes Rule 31a of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. The species Methanothrix thermophila is transferred to the genus Methanosaeta as Methanosaeta thermophila (Kamagata et al. 1992) Boone and Kamagata 1998 comb. nov.

References:
DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology IXth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the Meetings, 14, 15 and 18 August 1999, Sydney, Australia. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2000, 50, 2239-2244.
Original article in IJSEM Online
DE VOS (P.), TRÜPER (H.G.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Xth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 28, 29 and 31 July and 1 August 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 525-532.
Original article in IJSEM Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Rejection of the genus name Methanothrix with the species Methanothrix soehngenii Huser et al. 1983 and transfer of Methanothrix thermophila Kamagata et al. 1992 to the genus Methanosaeta as Methanosaeta thermophila comb. nov. Opinion 75. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1753-1754.
Opinion 75 in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Boone and Kamagata [BOONE (D.R.) and KAMAGATA (Y.): Rejection of the species Methanothrix soehngenii^VP and the genus Methanothrix^VP as nomina confusa, and transfer of Methanothrix thermophila^VP to the genus Methanosaeta^VP as Methanosaeta thermophila comb. nov. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1998, 48, 1079-1080. Original article in IJSB Online]

Note: Opinion 75 issued by the Judicial Commission is based on an interpretation of the Rules of the Bacteriological Code that failed to take into consideration changes made to that Code by the Judicial Commission prior to consideration of the original Request for an Opinion. Furthermore, closer examination of the Request indicates a number of contradictions that have been carried over into the published Opinion. Consequently, B.J. Tindall requests that the Judicial Commission re-examines Opinion 75.
Reference: TINDALL (B.J.): Challenging Opinion 75. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1768-1771.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Revised Opinion 75

On 6 August 2008, the Opinion 75 was reviewed by the Judicial Commission. The Minute 22 (2) of the meeting of the Judicial Commission, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey, states the following:
     (i) It was agreed unanimously that the name Methanothrix soehngenii Huser et al. 1983 does not contravene the wording of Rule 31a and is thus validly published.
     (ii) It was agreed unanimously that the name Methanothrix thermoacetophila Nozhevnikova and Chudina 1988 does not contravene the wording of Rule 31a and is considered validly published.
     (iii) It was agreed unanimously that the names Methanothrix thermophila Kamataga et al. 1992 and Methanothrix thermoacetophila Nozhevnikova and Chudina 1988 refer to the same taxon. The consequence of this ruling is that Methanothrix thermophila is illegitimate, should be rejected and Methanothrix thermoacetophila should be retained in its place.
    (iv) It was agreed unanimously that the name Methanosaeta Patel and Sprott 1990 and Methanothrix Huser et al. 1983 refer to the same taxon.
As a consequence of these decisions, the name Methanosaeta is illegitimate and should be rejected as a source of confusion. It should be replaced with the genus name Methanothrix. The replacement name will be nom. nov. (sic) and all species in the genus Methanosaeta should be transferred to the genus Methanothrix.

Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion 76

The Judicial Commission of the ICSP decided that strain No. 43797 = NBRC (previously IFO) 3782 (= ATCC 700861= JCM 11574), which was the originally designated type strain of Streptomyces rameus Shibata 1959 (Approved Lists 1980), has to replace ATCC 21273(= DSM 41685 = NBRC 16196 = JCM 5064) as given in the Approved Lists.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Strain NBRC (formerly IFO) is the type strain of Streptomyces rameus Shibata 1959. Opinion 76. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 511.
Opinion 76 in IJSEM Online
DE VOS (P.), TRÜPER (H.G.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Xth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 28, 29 and 31 July and 1 August 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 525-532.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Hatano [HATANO (K.): Replacement of ATCC 21273, the current type strain of Streptomyces rameus Shibata 1959, with IFO (now NBRC) 3782. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 931-932. Request for an Opinion in IJSEM Online]

Opinion 77

The Judicial Commission of the ICSP decided that the type species of the genus Paenibacillus Ash et al. 1994 is Paenibacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Ash et al. 1994.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: The type species of the genus Paenibacillus Ash et al. 1994 is Paenibacillus polymyxa. Opinion 77. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 513.
Opinion 77 in IJSEM Online
DE VOS (P.), TRÜPER (H.G.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Xth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 28, 29 and 31 July and 1 August 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 525-532.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Tindall [TINDALL (B.J.): What is the type species of the genus Paenibacillus? Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 939-940. Request for an Opinion in IJSEM Online]

Opinion 78

The Judicial Commission of the ICSP has decided to place the genus Pelczaria Poston 1994 with the species Pelczaria aurantia Poston 1994 on the list of nomina taxorum rejicienda (rejected names of bacterial taxa) due to the lack of an authentic type or neotype strain.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Rejection of the genus name Pelczaria with the species Pelczaria aurantia Poston 1994. Opinion 78. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 515.
Opinion 78 in IJSEM Online
DE VOS (P.), TRÜPER (H.G.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Xth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 28, 29 and 31 July and 1 August 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 525-532.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Tindall et al. [TINDALL (B.J.), SCHUMANN (P.) and STACKEBRANDT (E.): The status of the genus Pelczaria (Poston 1994) and the species Pelczaria aurantia (Poston 1994). Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 1695-1696. Request for an Opinion in IJSEM Online]

Opinion 79

The Judicial Commission of the ICSP has decided to correct the nomenclatural type of the 12 following orders: Acholeplasmatales Freundt et al. 1984, Halanaerobiales corrig. Rainey and Zhilina 1995, Halobacteriales Grant and Larsen 1989, Methanobacteriales Balch and Wolfe 1981, Methanococcales Balch and Wolfe 1981, Methanomicrobiales Balch and Wolfe 1981, Planctomycetales Schlesner and Stackebrandt 1987, Prochlorales (ex Lewin 1977) Florenzano et al. 1986, Sulfolobales Stetter 1989, Thermococcales Zillig 1988, Thermoproteales Zillig and Stetter 1982 and Verrucomicrobiales Ward-Rainey et al. 1996.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: The nomenclatural types of the orders Acholeplasmatales, Halanaerobiales, Halobacteriales, Methanobacteriales, Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales, Planctomycetales, Prochlorales, Sulfolobales, Thermococcales, Thermoproteales and Verrucomicrobiales are the genera Acholeplasma, Halanaerobium, Halobacterium, Methanobacterium, Methanococcus, Methanomicrobium, Planctomyces, Prochloron, Sulfolobus, Thermococcus, Thermoproteus and Verrucomicrobium, respectively. Opinion 79. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 517-518.
Opinion 79 in IJSEM Online
DE VOS (P.), TRÜPER (H.G.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Xth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 28, 29 and 31 July and 1 August 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 525-532.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Euzéby and Tindall [EUZÉBY (J.P.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Nomenclatural type of orders: corrections necessary according to Rules 15 and 21a of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision) and designation of appropriate nomenclatural types of classes and subclasses. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 725-727. Request for an Opinion in IJSEM Online]

Opinion 80

The Judicial Commission of the ICSP has decided that the type species of the genus Salmonella Lignieres 1900 (Approved Lists 1980) is Salmonella enterica (ex Kauffmann and Edwards 1952) Le Minor and Popoff 1987, and that the type strain of this species is strain LT2 (= ATCC 43971= CIP 60.62 = NCIMB 11450 = NCTC 12416).
In addition, the epithet enterica in Salmonella enterica is conserved over all earlier epithets, which may be applied to this species.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: The type species of the genus Salmonella Lignieres 1900 is Salmonella enterica (ex Kauffmann and Edwards 1952) Le Minor and Popoff 1987, with the type strain LT2^T, and conservation of the epithet enterica in Salmonella enterica over all earlier epithets that may be applied to this species. Opinion 80. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 519-520.
Opinion 80 in IJSEM Online
DE VOS (P.), TRÜPER (H.G.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Xth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 28, 29 and 31 July and 1 August 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 525-532.
Original article in IJSEM Online
TINDALL (B.J.), GRIMONT (P.A.D.), GARRITY (G.M.) and EUZEBY (J.P.): Nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus Salmonella. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 521-524.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Le Minor & Popoff and by Euzéby [1 LE MINOR (L.) and POPOFF (M.Y.): Request for an Opinion. Designation of Salmonella enterica sp. nov., nom. rev., as the type and only species of the genus Salmonella. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 465-468. Original article in IJSB Online 2 EUZÉBY (J.P.): Revised Salmonella nomenclature: designation of Salmonella enterica (ex Kauffmann and Edwards 1952) Le Minor and Popoff 1987 sp. nov., nom. rev. as the neotype species of the genus Salmonella Lignieres 1900 (Approved Lists 1980), rejection of the name Salmonella choleraesuis (Smith 1894) Weldin 1927 (Approved Lists 1980), and conservation of the name Salmonella typhi (Schroeter 1886) Warren and Scott 1930 (Approved Lists 1980). Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 927-930. Original article by Euzéby 1999 in IJSEM Online]

Note: See also the file ¤ "Salmonella nomenclature".

Opinion 81

Based on a list of 205 names proposed in original articles in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology or cited in Validation Lists from January 2001 that are not in accordance with Rules 27(3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, the Judicial Commission rules that names contained in lists 2–4 are to be considered to be validly published and that deposit in more than one collection in different countries is documented. Names included in list 1 are only to be considered validly published if evidence is presented that the strains have been deposited in additional collections, as laid down by Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the Code.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1755-1763.
Opinion 81 in IJSEM Online
TINDALL (B.J.), DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes XIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 23, 24 and 27 July 2005, San Francisco, CA, USA. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1737-1745.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Euzéby and Tindall [EUZÉBY (J.P.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Status of strains that contravene Rules 27(3) and 30 of the Bacteriological Code. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 293-301. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Opinion 82

At the meeting of the Judicial Commission in 2005 at the IUMS Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology Congress in San Francisco, the Judicial Commission of the International Committee for Systematics of Prokaryotes ruled that typification of Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Hansen and Lessel 1971 is based on ATCC 393, that ATCC 334is a member of the taxon Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al. 1989, that the proposal to revive the name Lactobacillus zeae contravenes Rules 51b (1) and (2) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (the Code) and that the rejection of the name Lactobacillus paracasei together with the proposal of a neotype for Lactobacillus casei are not in accordance with the Rules of the Code.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: The type strain of Lactobacillus casei is ATCC 393, ATCC 334cannot serve as the type because it represents a different taxon, the name Lactobacillus paracasei and its subspecies names are not rejected and the revival of the name ‘Lactobacillus zeae’ contravenes Rules 51b (1) and (2) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 82. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1764-1765.
Opinion 82 in IJSEM Online
TINDALL (B.J.), DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes XIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 23, 24 and 27 July 2005, San Francisco, CA, USA. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1737-1745.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Dellaglio et al. [DELLAGLIO (F.), FELIS (G.E.) and TORRIANI (S.): The status of the species Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Hansen and Lessel 1971 and Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al. 1989. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 285-287. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Opinion 83

The Judicial Commission of the International Committee for Systematics of Prokaryotes rules that the following names should have been included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, Moraxella (subgen. Branhamella Bøvre 1979), Moraxella (subgen. Moraxella Lwoff 1939), Moraxella (subgen. Branhamella Bøvre 1979) catarrhalis, Moraxella (subgen. Branhamella Bøvre 1979) caviae, Moraxella (subgen. Branhamella Bøvre 1979) ovis, Moraxella (subgen. Moraxella Lwoff 1939) atlantae, Moraxella (subgen. Moraxella Lwoff 1939) bovis, Moraxella (subgen. Moraxella Lwoff 1939) lacunata, Moraxella (subgen. Moraxella Lwoff 1939) nonliquefaciens, Moraxella (subgen. Moraxella Lwoff 1939) osloensis, Moraxella (subgen. Moraxella Lwoff 1939) phenylpyruvica.
Proposals to alter Rule 34a were rejected.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: The subgenus names Moraxella subgen. Moraxella and Moraxella subgen. Branhamella and the species names included within these taxa should have been included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and a ruling on the proposal to make changes to Rule 34a. Opinion 83. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1766-1767.
Opinion 83 in IJSEM Online
TINDALL (B.J.), DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes XIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 23, 24 and 27 July 2005, San Francisco, CA, USA. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1737-1745.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Euzéby [EUZÉBY (J.P.): Nomenclature of the subgenera Moraxella and Branhamella and of the nine species included in these subgenera and proposal to modify Rule 34a of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2001, 51, 1939-1941. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Revised Opinion 83

In July 2008, B.J. Tindall challenged Opinion 83.
On 4 August 2008, the Opinion 83 was reviewed by the Judicial Commission.The Minute 18 (3) of the meeting of the Judicial Commission, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey, states the following:
(i) It was agreed that these names were not in accordance with the Rules of the Code at the time the Approved Lists were drawn up.
(ii) Since the names were not in accordance with the Code, they could not have been added to the lists.

References:
TINDALL (B.J.): Challenging Opinion 83. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1772-1774.
Original article in IJSEM Online
GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion 84

The Judicial Commission affirms that the genus name Sinorhizobium Chen et al. 1988 is a later synonym of Ensifer Casida 1982, and that the former genus name is not conserved over the latter genus name. The species name "Sinorhizobium adhaerens" is not validly published.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: The genus name Sinorhizobium Chen et al. 1988 is a later synonym of Ensifer Casida 1982 and is not conserved over the latter genus name, and the species name ‘Sinorhizobium adhaerens’ is not validly published. Opinion 84. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1973.
Opinion 84 in IJSEM Online
TINDALL (B.J.), DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes XIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 23, 24 and 27 July 2005, San Francisco, CA, USA. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1737-1745.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Willems et al. 2003 and by Young et al. 2003 [1 WILLEMS (A.), FERNÁNDEZ-LÓPEZ (M.), MUÑOZ-ADELANTADO (E.), GORIS (J.), DE VOS (P.), MARTÍNEZ-ROMERO (E.), TORO (N.) and GILLIS (M.): Description of new Ensifer strains from nodules and proposal to transfer Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982 to Sinorhizobium as Sinorhizobium adhaerens comb. nov. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 1207-1217. Original article by Willems et al. 2003 in IJSEM Online 2 YOUNG (J.M.): The genus name Ensifer Casida 1982 takes priority over Sinorhizobium Chen et al. 1988, and Sinorhizobium morelense Wang et al. 2002 is a later synonym of Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982. Is the combination 'Sinorhizobium adhaerens' (Casida 1982) Willems et al. 2003 legitimate? Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 2107-2110. Original article by Young et al. 2003 in IJSEM Online]

Opinion 85

The Judicial Commission rules that the adjectival form is to be conserved in the specific epithet forsythia in Tannerella forsythia.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: The adjectival form of the epithet in Tannerella forsythensis Sakamoto et al. 2002 is to be retained and the name is to be corrected to Tannerella forsythia Sakamoto et al. 2002. Opinion 85. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1974.
Opinion 85 in IJSEM Online
TINDALL (B.J.), DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes XIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 23, 24 and 27 July 2005, San Francisco, CA, USA. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1737-1745.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Maiden et al. [MAIDEN (M.F.J.), COHEE (P.) and TANNER (A.C.R.): Proposal to conserve the adjectival form of the specific epithet in the reclassification of Bacteroides forsythus Tanner et al. 1986 to the genus Tannerella Sakamoto et al. 2002 as Tannerella forsythia corrig., gen. nov., comb. nov. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 2111-2112. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Opinion 86

The Judicial Commission affirms that, according to Rule 40d, formerly Rule 46, of the Bacteriological Code, the authorship of a number of subspecies names included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names must be corrected. These names are Acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti, Acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. pasteurianus, Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. chelonae, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii, Selenomonas ruminantium subsp. ruminantium, Streptoverticillium fervens subsp. fervens, Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula and Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Necessary corrections to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names according to Rule 40d (formerly Rule 46). Opinion 86. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1975.
Opinion 86 in IJSEM Online
TINDALL (B.J.), DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes XIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 23, 24 and 27 July 2005, San Francisco, CA, USA. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1737-1745.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Euzéby and Tindall [EUZÉBY (J.P.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Necessary corrections to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names according to Rule 40d (formerly Rule 46). Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 2321-2322. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Note: The opinion 86 is over-ruled by the new rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion 87

The Judicial Commission rules that the name Corynebacterium ilicis Mandel et al. 1961 is represented by the type strain ICMP 2608 = ICPB CI144 and is reported to be a plantpathogenic species. Arthrobacter ilicis is represented by the type strain DSM 20138 = ATCC 14264= NCPPB 1228 and is not a homotypic synonym of Corynebacterium ilicis Mandel et al. 1961, and is reported not to be a plant pathogen. The authorship is to be cited as Arthrobacter ilicis Collins et al. 1982 and typification and the description of this species are to be found in Collins et al. 1981 [COLLINS (M.D.), JONES (D.) and KROPPENSTEDT (R.M.): Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg, 1981, Abt I Orig C2, 318–323].

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Corynebacterium ilicis is typified by ICMP 2608 =ICPB CI144, Arthrobacter ilicis is typified by DSM 20138 =ATCC 14264=NCPPB 1228 and the two are not homotypic synonyms, and clarification of the authorship of these two species. Opinion 87. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1976-1978.
Opinion 87 in IJSEM Online
TINDALL (B.J.), DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes XIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 23, 24 and 27 July 2005, San Francisco, CA, USA. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1737-1745.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Young et al. [YOUNG (J.M.), WATSON (D.R.W.) and DYE (D.W.): Reconsideration of Arthrobacter ilicis (Mandel et al. 1961) Collins et al. 1982 as a plant-pathogenic species. Proposal to emend the authority and description of the species. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 303-305. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Contents

Some actions denied or not considered or withdrawn

Conservation of Ewardsiell tarda

Edwardsiella tarda Ewing and McWhorter 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) and Edwardsiella anguillimortifera (Hoshina 1962) Sakazaki and Tamura 1975 (Approved Lists 1980) have the same type strain and Edwardsiella anguillimortifera (Hoshina 1962) Sakazaki and Tamura 1975 (Approved Lists 1980) is the earlier synonym. However, Farmer et al. 1976 have submitted a Request for an Opinion to conserve the specific epithet tarda over the specific epithet anguillimortifera.
No action was taken on the request. The request has been withdrawn.

Reference:
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY, JUDICIAL COMMISSION: Minutes of the meeting, 3 September 1978, Munich, West Germany. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1979, 29, 267-269.
Original article in IJSEM Online

See also: SAKAZAKI (R.) and TAMURA (K.): Comment on a proposal of Farmer et al. to conserve specific epithet tarda over the specific epithet anguillimortiferum in the name of the organism known as Edwardsiella tarda. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1978, 28, 130-131.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Farmer III et al. [FARMER III (J.J.), BRENNER (D.J.) and CLARK (W.A.): Proposal to conserve the specific epithet tarda over the specific epithet anguillimortiferum in the name of the organism presently know as Edwardsiella tarda: Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1976, 26, 293-294. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Proposal of Enterobacteraceae as a substitute for Enterobacteriaceae

Lapage proposed that the type genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae be changed from Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980) to Enterobacter Hormaeche and Edwards 1960 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Name) and that the family name be changed to Enterobacteraceae.
The family name Enterobacteriaceae was omitted from the body of the Approved Lists, but a footnote was inserted on page 236 indicating that the name was sub judice, referring to the proposal by Lapage. This has led to some confusion over the status of the name. The Judicial Commission has reviewed this question and concluded that the family name Enterobacteriaceae retains its standing (as does Escherichia as the type genus) and should have been incorporated in the body of the Approved Lists.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Present standing of the family name Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1981, 31, 104.
Original article in IJSB Online
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between July 1979 and April 1981. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 464-465.
Original article in IJSB Online
BRENNER (D.J.): Opposition to the proposal to replace the family name Enterobacteriaceae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 892-895.
Original article in IJSB Online
ICSB, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE: Minutes of the Meeting, 6 September 1978, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 242.
Original article in IJSB Online
ICSB, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE: Minutes of the Meeting, 10 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 243-244.
Original article in IJSB Online
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published in 1982. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 272-273.
Original article in IJSB Online
HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 6 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 577-578.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Lapage [LAPAGE (S.P.): Proposal of Enterobacteraceae nom. nov. as a substitute for the illegitimate but conserved name Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937. Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1979, 29, 265-266. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Note: See also the ¤ Request for an Opinion by Goodfellow and Trüper and the Opinion 15 in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision).

Neotype strain of Microcyclus aquaticus

Larkin and Borrall proposed ATCC 25396as the neotype strain of Microcyclus aquaticus Ørskov 1928. This strain appears as the type in the Approved Lists, so no formal Opinion need be published.

Reference:
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between July 1979 and April 1981. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 464-465.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Larkin and Borrall [LARKIN (J.M.) and BORRALL (R.): Proposal of ATCC 25396as the neotype strain of Microcyclus aquaticus Ørskov 1928. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1979, 29, 414-415. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Notes:
According to Rule 18c, the designation of a neotype strain does not necessitate the advice of the Judicial Commission.
The bacterial genus Microcyclus Ørskov 1928 (Approved Lists 1980) is illegitimate because of precedence of the fungal genus Microcyclus Saccardo 1904. Therefore, Raj proposed a new genus name and a new species name, Ancylobacter Raj 1983 and Ancylobacter aquaticus (Ørskov 1928) Raj 1983, respectively. - Reference: RAJ (H.D.): Proposal of Ancylobacter gen. nov. as a substitute for the bacterial genus Microcyclus Ørskov 1928. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 397-398.
Original article in IJSB Online

Type species of the genus Flavobacterium

Holmes and Owen proposed rejection of Flavobacterium aquatile as a nomen dubium and proposed substitution of Flabobacterium breve, which does not appear in the Approved lists, as the type species. The Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed.

Opinion requested by Holmes and Owen [HOLMES (B.) and OWEN (R.J.): Proposal that Flavobacterium breve be substituted as the type species of the genus in place of Flavobacterium aquatile and emended description of the genus Flavobacterium: status of the named species of Flavobacterium. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1979, 29, 416-426. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Neotype strains for seven Bacteroides species

Cato et al. proposed neotype strains for seven Bacteroides species (Bacteroides capillosus, Bacteroides coagulans, Bacteroides furcosus, Bacteroides nodosus, Bacteroides pneumosintes, Bacteroides praeacutus and Bacteroides putredinis). All of these strains appear as the types of the species in the Approved Lists, so no formal Opinion need be published.

Opinion requested by Cato et al. [CATO (E.P.), HOLDEMAN (L.V.) and MOORE (W.E.C.): Proposal of neotype strains for seven non-saccharolytic Bacteroides species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1979, 29, 427-434. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Note: According to Rule 18c, the designation of a neotype strain does not necessitate the advice of the Judicial Commission.

Conservation of Serratia liquefaciens over Serratia proteamaculans

Holmes requested conservation of Serratia liquefaciens over Serratia proteamaculans. Subsequently, Grimont et al. provided evidence that the two species are not synonymous. Consequently the requested Opinion was considered inappropriate and the Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed.

References:
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between July 1979 and April 1981. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 464-465.
Original article in IJSB Online
GRIMONT (P.A.D.), GRIMONT (F.) and STARR (M.P.): Comment on the Request to the Judicial Commission to conserve the specific epithet liquefaciens over the specific epithet proteamaculans in the name of the organism currently known as Serratia liquefaciens. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1981, 31, 211-212.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 6 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 577-578.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Holmes [HOLMES (B.): Proposal to conserve the specific epithet liquefaciens over the specific epithet proteamaculans in the name of the organism currently known as Serratia liquefaciens (Grimes and Hennerty 1931) Bascomb et al. 1971. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 220-222. Original article in IJSB Online]

Type species of Spirochaeta

Canale-Parola requested that Spirochaeta stenostrepta replace Spirochaeta plicatilis as the type species of the genus Spirochaeta, because no culture of Spirochaeta plicatilis exists. Rule 18a of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision) does permit a description to serve in place of a type culture. Therefore the Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed.

Opinion requested by Canale-Parola [CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Proposal that Spirochaeta stenostrepta Zuelzer replace Spirochaeta plicatilis Ehrenberg as the type spcies of the genus Spirochaeta Ehrenberg. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1981, 31, 105-106. Original article in IJSB Online]

Warning: Until 14 December 2000, for a species which has not so far been maintained in laboratory cultures or for which a type does not exist, a description, preserved specimen, or illustration may serve as the type. As from 14 December 2000, a description, preserved (non-viable) specimen or illustration may not serve as the type. - References: 1 DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. IXth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the Meetings, 14, 15 and 18 August 1999, Sydney, Australia. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2000, 50, 2239-2244. (Original article in IJSEM Online) 2 LABEDA (D.P.): International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology; IXth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 2245-2247 (Original article in IJSEM Online).

Status of the name Nocardia farcinica

Tuskamura proposed rejection of the name Nocardia farcinica as a nomen dubium because some strains bearing this name were members of the genus Mycobacterium. However, Chamoiseau has already established two species, Mycobacterium senegalense (Approved Lists 1980) and Mycobacterium farcinogenes (Approved Lists 1980), to accomodate the farcy-associates strains of mycobacteria, thus eliminating this source of confusion. Therefore the Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed.

References:
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published in 1982. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 272-273.
Original article in IJSB Online
CHAMOISEAU (G.): Etiology of farcy in African bovines: nomenclature of the causal organisms Mycobacterium farcinogenes Chamoiseau and Mycobacterium senegalense (Chamoiseau) comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1979, 29, 407-410.
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Tsukamura [TSUKAMURA (M.): Rejection of the name Nocardia farcinica Trevisan 1889 (Approved Lists 1980). Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 235-236. Original article in IJSB Online]

Proposal of Escherichiaceae as a substitute for Enterobacteriaceae

Goodfellow and Trüper proposed that the name Escherichiaceae be substituted for Enterobacteriaceae. The Judicial Commission recognizes the irregularity of the existing nomenclature, but notes that the exception in Opinion 15 was awarded under essentially the same rules that apply today.
Minute 20 of the meeting, 6 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts states: "The commission postponed action on this request until arguments could be heard". Later, the Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed (see: Wayne 1984 and Minute 18 of the meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom).

References:
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published in 1982. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 272-273.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 6 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 577-578.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Goodfellow and Trüper [GOODFELLOW (M.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Escherichiaceae nom. nov., a name to replace Enterobacteriaceae. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 383. Original article in IJSB Online]

Note: See also the ¤ Request for an Opinion by Lapage and the Opinion 15 in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision).

Replacement of the type strain of Listeria monocytogenes

Jones and Seeliger, noting that ATCC 15313, the type strain of Listeria monocytogenes, is an atypical strain, requested an Opinion to substitute NCTC 7973 as the type strain. The Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed.

References:
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published in 1983 and 1984. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 357-358.
Original article in IJSB Online
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Jones and Seeliger [JONES (D.) and SEELIGER (H.P.R.): Designation of a new type strain for Listeria monocytogenes. Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 429. Original article in IJSB Online]

Conservation of Micropolyspora

Noting that Micropolyspora brevicatena, the type species of its genus, had been transferred to the genus Nocardia, McCarthy et al. proposed conservation of Micropolyspora with a new type species, Micropolyspora faeni. Subsequently, Kurup and Agre proposed the new genus name Faenia for the remaining species formerly embraced in the genus Micropolyspora. Lacey et al. then published an amended request for an opinion in which they proposed that Micropolyspora be conserved over Faenia. The Judicial Commission voted to deny the two actions proposed.

References:
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published in 1983 and 1984. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 357-358.
Original article in IJSB Online
KURUP (V.P.) and AGRE (N.S.): Transfer of Micropolyspora rectivirgula (Krasil'nikov and Agre 1964) Lechevalier, Lechevalier, and Becker 1966 to Faenia gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 663-665.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinions requested by McCarthy et al. [McCARTHY (A.J.), CROSS (T.), LACEY (J.) and GOODFELLOW (M.): Conservation of the name Micropolyspora Lechevalier, Solotorovsky, and McDurmont and designation of Mycropolyspora faeni Cross, Maciver, and Lacey as the type species of the genus. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 430-433.Original article in IJSB Online] and by Lacey et al. [LACEY (J.), McCARTHY (A.J.), GOODFELLOW (M.) and CROSS (T.): Conservation of the name Micropolyspora Lechevalier, Solotorovsky, and McDurmont over Faenia Kurup and Agre and designation of Mycropolyspora faeni Cross, Maciver, and Lacey as the type species of the genus. Amended Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 505-507. Original article in IJSB Online]

Gender of Photobacteria and Scotobacteria

Gibbons and Murray proposed the use of neuter plural endings for Photobacteria and Scotobacteria classes nov. The question is resolved by the code revision, Proposal 1 (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1978, 28, 337) which limits Rule 7 to ranks between genus and order.

References:
DRAFTING COMMITTEE, JUDICIAL COMMISSION: Proposals to emend the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1978, 28, 337.
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published in 1983 and 1984. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 357-358.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Gibbons and Murray [GIBBONS (N.E.) and MURRAY (R.G.E.): Validation of Cyanobacteriales Stanier in Gibbons and Murray 1978 as a new order of the kingdom Procaryotae Murray 1968, and of the use of neuter plural endings for Photobacteria and Scotobacteria classes nov. Gibbons and Murray 1978. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1978, 28, 332-333. Original article in IJSB Online]

Note: The Proposal 1 (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1978, 28, 337) was included in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision).

Priority of Rhodococcus lentifragmentus over Rhodococcus ruber

Tsukamura requested that the Judicial Commission recognize the priority of the name "Rhodococcus lentifragmentus" over Rhodococcus ruber. The commission agreed unanimously not to accede to this request, but noted that the citation of Rhodococcus ruber in the Approved Lists 1980 was incorrect.
Note: In the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, Rhodococcus ruber (Kruse 1896) Goodfellow and Alderson 1977 is erroneously cited as Rhodococcus ruber (Kruse 1896) Goodfellow and Alderson 1979.
References:
HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.
Original article in IJSB Online

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.
Original article in IJSB Online
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Tsukamura [TSUKAMURA (M.) : Priority of Rhodococcus lentifragmentus (Kruse 1896; Tsukamura et al. 1975) Tsukamura 1978 comb. nov. over Rhodococcus ruber (Kruse 1896) Goodfellow and Alderson 1980. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1985, 35, 124-125. Original article in IJSB Online]

Salmonella enterica as type and only species of the genus Salmonella

The Judicial Commission declined to award an Opinion designating Salmonella enterica as the only species name in its genus, allowing for nomenclatural distinction of Salmonella typhi from all others solely on the basis of serovar.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 14 September 1990, Osaka, Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 185-187.
Original article in IJSB Online
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Le Minor and Popoff [LE MINOR (L.) and POPOFF (M.Y.): Request for an Opinion. Designation of Salmonella enterica sp. nov., nom. rev., as the type and only species of the genus Salmonella. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 465-468. Original article in IJSB Online]

Note: See also the ¤ "Judicial Opinion 80" and the file ¤ "Salmonella nomenclature".

Rejection of the names Erwinia carnegieana and Pectobacterium carnegieana

Alcorn and Orum presented evidence that the type strain of Erwinia carnegieana (syn. Pectobacterium carnegieana) is a contaminant and that no extant culture corresponds to the description attached to this name and requested that both of these species names be rejected. The Judicial Commission concluded that the species will simply disappear from use without the need to place the names on the list of nomina rejicienda, and voted to deny the action proposed.

References:
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 14 September 1990, Osaka, Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 185-187.
Original article in IJSB Online
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Alcorn and Orum [ALCORN (S.M.) and ORUM (T.V.): Request for an opinion. Rejection of the names Erwinia carnegieana Standring 1942 and Pectobacterium carnegieana (Standring 1942) Brenner, Steigerwalt, Miklos and Fanning 1973. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1988, 38, 132-134. Original article in IJSB Online]

Conservation of Pediococcus acidilactici with a new neotype

In 1986, Garvie requested that NCDO 1859 be rejected and replaced with strain DSM 20284 as the type strain of Pediococcus acidilactici, but the action proposed was denied because it was felt that there was no clear phenotypic distinction between Pediococcus acidilactici and Pediococcus pentosaceus.

References:
Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Minutes of the Meeting, 14 September 1990, Osaka, Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 185-187.
Original article in IJSB Online
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Garvie [GARVIE (E.I.): Request for an Opinion. Conservation of the name Pediococcus acidilactici with DSM 20284 as the neotype strain and rejection of the previous neotype strain NCDO 1859 (= IFO 3884 = DSM 20333 = ATCC 33314. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 579-580. Original article in IJSB Online]

Note: See also ¤ Opinion 68.

Replacement of the type strain of Lactobacillus casei and rejection of the name Lactobacillus paracasei

Dellaglio et al. requested that ATCC 334be designated in place of ATCC 393(= JCM 1134 = NCDO 161) as the neotype of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and that Lactobacillus paracasei be rejected as a synonym of Lactobacillus casei, as the latter would be defined by the proposed neotype. The Judicial Commission concluded that there is not enough basis for concern about confusion leading to serious consequences in industrial microbiology to justify awarding an exception to the Rules and voted to deny the action proposed.

Reference:
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Dellaglio et al. [DELLAGLIO (F.), DICKS (L.M.T.), DU TOIT (M.) and TORRIANI (S.): Designation of ATCC 334in place of ATCC 393(NCDO 161) as the neotype strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and rejection of the name Lactobacillus paracasei (Collins et al., 1989). Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 340-342. Original article in IJSB Online]

Reinterpretation of the taxonomic position of Xanthomonas maltophilia and taxonomic criteria in this genus

The paper by Van Zyl and Steyn presented a purely taxonomic question and should not have appeared as a Request for an Opinion. Consequently, the Judicial Commission did not consider the request.

Opinion requested by Van Zyl and Steyn [VAN ZYL (E.) and STEYN (P.L.): Reinterpretation of the taxonomic position of Xanthomonas maltophilia and taxonomic criteria in this genus. Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 193-198. Original article in IJSB Online]

Adoption of strain GP6 (type strain of Methanosaeta concilii) as the neotype of Methanothrix soehngenii

Boone proposed that strain GP6 (= NRC 2989 = ATCC 35969= DSM 3671 = OCM 69), the type strain of Methanosaeta (Methanothrix) concilii, be adopted as the neotype of Methanothrix soehngenii. This would have the effect of reducing Methanosaeta concilii to a synonym, rendering it invalid. It is doubtful wether the original type strain of Methanothrix soehngenii, "Opfikon", was ever a pure culture, and no viable culture of that strain is known to exist. Patel, who originally isolated strain GP6 in pure culture and assigned it to the new species, Methanosaeta concilii, has published a counterargument to this proposal. The Judicial Commission concluded that the interests of clarity and stability would be served best by denying the action proposed. Strain GP6 remains the type of Methanosaeta concilii; there does not appear to be an extant type strain for Methanothrix soehngenii, which remains a species of doubtful validity. Consequently, the genus Methanothrix remains a genus of doubtful validity.

References:
WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSB Online
PATEL (G.B.): A contrary view to the proposal to assign a neotype strain for Methanothrix soehngenii. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 324-326.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Boone [BOONE (D.R.): Strain GP6 is proposed as the neotype strain of Methanothrix soehngenii^VP pro synon. Methanothrix concilii^VP and Methanosaeta concilii^VP. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 588-589. Original article in IJSB Online]

Type species of Agrobacterium

Sawada et al. 1993 proposed that the name Agrobacterium tumefaciens should be rejected because it is a later synonym of Agrobacterium radiobacter. In a letter to the editor (Request for a Judicial Opinion concerning the type species of Agrobacterium) Bouzar reviewed the situation, noting that all prior commission actions had the effect of conserving Agrobacterium tumefaciens as the type species of the genus Agrobacterium. In an author's reply (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 374), Oyaizu and Sawada agreed that Agrobacterium tumefaciens should remain the type species of the genus Agrobacterium. The commission accepted Bouzar's position that Agrobacterium tumefaciens is still the type species; no further action is needed.

References:
SAWADA (H.), IEKI (H.), OYAIZU (H.) and MATSUMOTO (S.): Proposal for rejection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and revised descriptions for the genus Agrobacterium and for Agrobacterium radiobacter and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 694-702.
Original article in IJSB Online
OYAIZU (H.) and SAWADA (H.): Authors' reply. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 374.
JUDICIAL COMMISSION: Minutes of the Meetings, 2 and 6 July 1994, Prague, Czech Republic. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 195-196.
Original article in IJSB Online

Opinion requested by Bouzar [BOUZAR (H.): Request for a Judicial Opinion concerning the type species of Agrobacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 373-374. Original article in IJSB Online]

Conservation of the names Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus rattus, Streptococcus cricetus, and seven other names included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names

In the Kilian's opinion the changes of the well-established names Erwinia ananas, Eubacterium tarantellus, Lactobacillus sake, Nitrosococcus oceanus, Pseudomonas betle, Rickettsia canada, Streptococcus cricetus, Streptococcus rattus, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptomyces rangoon may be a source of confusion. So, with reference to the first Principle of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), Kilian requested that the original names be conserved. The Judicial Commission denied this request with 2 votes for, 13 votes against and one abstention. Consequently no Opinion will be issued upon this request.

References:
KILIAN (M.): Necessary changes of bacterial names? ASM News, 1998, 64, 670.
DE VOS (P.), TRÜPER (H.G.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Xth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 28, 29 and 31 July and 1 August 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 525-532.
Original article by De Vos et al. 2005 in IJSEM Online

Opinion requested by Kilian [KILIAN (M.): Recommended conservation of the names Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus rattus, Streptococcus cricetus, and seven other names included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 723-724. Original article by Killian 2001 in IJSEM Online]

Conservation of the specific epithet paratyphi in the binary combination Salmonella paratyphi

The Judicial Commission of the ICSP has not granted the request to conserve the epithet paratyphi [Salmonella paratyphi (ex Kayser 1902) Ezaki et al. 2000] in the genus Salmonella Lignieres 1900 (Approved Lists 1980).

Opinion requested by Ezaki et al. [EZAKI (T.), AMANO (M.), KAWAMURA (Y.) and YABUUCHI (E.): Proposal of Salmonella paratyphi sp. nov., nom. rev. and Request for an Opinion to conserve the specific epithet paratyphi in the binary combination Salmonella paratyphi as nomen epitheton conservandum. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 941-944. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Recognition of the nomenclatural standing of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium, and conservation of the specific epithets enteritidis and typhimurium

The Judicial Commission of the ICSP has not granted the request to conserve the epithets enteritidis [Salmonella enteritidis (Gaertner 1888) Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980)], and typhimurium [Salmonella typhimurium (Loeffler 1892) Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980)] in the genus Salmonella Lignieres 1900 (Approved Lists 1980).
The Judicial Commission also noted that the nomenclatural standing of the names Salmonella typhi nom. approb., Salmonella enteritidis nom. approb., and Salmonella typhimurium nom. approb., has never been called into question.

Opinion requested by Ezaki et al. [EZAKI (T.), KAWAMURA (Y.) and YABUUCHI (E.): Recognition of nomenclatural standing of Salmonella typhi (Approved Lists 1980), Salmonella enteritidis (Approved Lists 1980) and Salmonella typhimurium (Approved Lists 1980), and conservation of specific epithets enteritidis and typhimurium. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 945-947. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Arguments against the replacement of type species of the genus Salmonella from Salmonella choleraesuis to "Salmonella enterica" and the creation of the term "neotype species", and conservation of Salmonella choleraesuis

The Judicial Commission of the ICSP has not granted the request to conserve the epithet choleraesuis [Salmonella choleraesuis corrig. (Smith 1894) Weldin 1927 (Approved Lists 1980)] in the genus Salmonella Lignieres 1900 (Approved Lists 1980).
However, the Judicial Commission stated that the term "neotype species" does not have standing in nomenclature.

Opinion requested by Yabuuchi and Ezaki [YABUUCHI (E.) and EZAKI (T.): Arguments against the replacement of type species of the genus Salmonella from Salmonella choleraesuis to 'Salmonella enterica' and the creation of the term 'neotype species', and for conservation of Salmonella choleraesuis. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 1693-1694. Original article in IJSEM Online]

Contents

Opinions pending

LINN (D.M.) and KRIEG (N.R.): Occurence of two organisms in cultures of the type strain of Spirillum lunatum: proposal for rejection of the name Spirillum lunatum and characterization of Oceanospirillum maris subsp. williamsae and an unclassified vibrioid bacterium. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1978, 28, 132-138.

WILLEMS (A.) and COLLINS (M.D.): Phylogenetic placement of Sarcina ventriculi and Sarcina maxima within group I Clostridium, a possible problem for future revision of the genus Clostridium. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 591-593.
Original article in IJSB Online

FELIS (G.E.), TORRIANI (S.) and DELLAGLIO (F.): The status of the species Lactobacillus rogosae Holdeman and Moore 1974. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1903-1904.
Original article in IJSEM Online

EUZÉBY (J.P.) and TINDALL (B.J.): A replacement name of the specific epithet aurantiaca in Micromonospora aurantiaca Sveshnikova et al. 1969 (Approved Lists 1980) and a proposal to treat the combination Micromonospora aurantiaca Sveshnikova et al. 1969 as a rejected name. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1905-1906.
Original article in IJSEM Online

EDWARDS (J.), BAQUE (E.) and TANG (J.): Proposal to acknowledge Beijerinck as the original author of the species Pantoea agglomerans. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 2437.
Original article in IJSEM Online

LANDON (S.) and TANG (J.): Proposal to list ATCC 43642as the type strain of Leptospira interrogans in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 2439.
Original article in IJSEM Online

NEIMARK (H.), PETERS (W.), ROBINSON (B.L.) and STEWART (L.B.): Phylogenetic analysis and description of Eperythrozoon coccoides, proposal to transfer to the genus Mycoplasma as Mycoplasma coccoides comb. nov. and Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 1385-1391.
Original article in IJSEM Online

SOROKIN (D.Y.) and TINDALL (B.J.): The status of the genus name Halovibrio Fendrich 1989 and the identity of the strains Pseudomonas halophila DSM 3050 and Halomonas variabilis DSM 3051. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 487-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online

YOUNG (J.M.), PENNYCOOK (S.R.) and WATSON (D.R.W.): Proposal that Agrobacterium radiobacter has priority over Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 491-493.
Original article in IJSEM Online

TINDALL (B.J.) and EUZÉBY (J.P.): Lysobacter enzymogenes subsp. enzymogenes Christensen and Cook 1978, L. enzymogenes subsp. cookii Christensen 1978 and Streptococcus casseliflavus (Mundt and Graham 1968) Vaughan et al. 1978 should have been cited in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2707-2709.
Original article in IJSEM Online

AN (S.Y.) and YOKOTA (A.): The status of the species Leifsonia rubra Reddy et al. 2003. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 1163.
Original article in IJSEM Online

LAMBERT (D.H.), LORIA (R.), LABEDA (D.P.) and SADDLER (G.S.): Recommendation for the conservation of the name Streptomyces scabies. Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 2447-2448.
Original article in IJSEM Online

PUKALL (R.), SCHUMANN (P.), CLERMONT (D.) and BIZET (C.): Bacillus aeolius DSM 15084[T] (=CIP 107628[T]) is a strain of Bacillus licheniformis. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1268-1270.
Original article in IJSEM Online

VEREECKE (C.) and ARAHAL (D.R.): The status of the species Pectinatus portalensis Gonzalez et al. 2005. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1507.
Original article in IJSEM Online

DUNCAN (S.H.) and FLINT (H.J.): Proposal of a neotype strain (A1-86) for Eubacterium rectale. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1735-1736.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: According to Rule 18c, the proposal of a neotype strain does not require a Request for an Opinion.

TINDALL (B.J.) and GARRITY (G.M.): Should we alter the way that authorship of a subspecies name that is automatically created under Rule 40d of the Bacteriological Code is cited? Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1991-1992.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: In the paper by Tindall and Garrity, the words "Request for an Opinion" do not appear as a subtitle [see Appendix 8 of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)].

LANG (E.) and SPRÖER (C.): Replacement of ATCC 25944[T], the current type strain of Melittangium lichenicola, with ATCC 25946 Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 2991-2992.
Original article in IJSEM Online

LANG (E.) and STACKEBRANDT (E.): Emended descriptions of the genera Myxococcus and Corallococcus, typification of the species Myxococcus stipitatus and Myxococcus macrosporus and a proposal that they be represented by neotype strains. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 2123-2129.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: According to Rule 18c, the proposal of a neotype strain does not require a Request for an Opinion.

PODKOPAEVA (D.), GRABOVICH (M.), KUEVER (J.), LYSENKO (A.M.), TOUROVA (T.P.), KOLGANOVA (T.V.) and DUBININA (G.): Proposal of Spirillum winogradskyi sp. nov., a novel microaerophilic species, an emended description of the genus Spirillum and Request for an Opinion regarding the status of the species Spirillum volutans Ehrenberg 1832. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 2916-2920.
Original article in IJSEM Online

OGGERIN (M.), RUBIO (V.), MARÍN (I.) and ARAHAL (D.R.): The status of the species Beijerinckia fluminensis Döbereiner and Ruschel 1958. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 1757-1759.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Title

Requests for Opinions, Judicial Opinions, and actions of the Judicial Commission on Requests for Opinions