Title

Genus Anaplasma

Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (→) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).

Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 7
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 0

Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").

For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).

 

Anaplasma Theiler 1910, genus. (Type genus of the family ¤ Anaplasmataceae Philip 1957 [Approved Lists 1980]).
Type species: ¤ Anaplasma marginale Theiler 1910 (Approved Lists 1980).
Etymology: Gr. pref. an, without; Gr. neut. n. plasma, anything formed or molded, image, figure; N.L. neut. n. Anaplasma, a thing (a bacterium) without form.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: THEILER (A.): Anaplasma marginale (gen. and spec. nov.). The marginal points in the blood of cattle suffering from a specific disease. Report to the Government, Transvaal, South Africa. Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Agriculture1908-9, 1910, 7, 64.

→ Anaplasma Theiler 1910 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Dumler et al. 2001.
Synonyms: "Anaplasma argentium" Lignières 1914, "Anaplasma rossicum" Yakimoff and Bélawine 1927, "Anaplasma theileri" Neitz 1957.
Reference: DUMLER (J.S.), BARBET (A.F.), BEKKER (C.P.J.), DASCH (G.A.), PALMER (G.H.), RAY (S.C.), RIKIHISA (Y.) and RURANGIRWA (F.R.): Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, description of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 2145-2165.
Original article in IJSEM Online

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Anaplasma bovis (ex Donatien and Lestoquard 1936) Dumler et al. 2001, nom. rev., comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) no culture isolated.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: not available.
Synonyms: "Rickettsia bovis" Donatien and Lestoquard 1936, "Ehrlichia bovis" (Donatien and Lestoquard 1936) Moshkovski 1945, "Kurlovia (Ehrlichia) bovis" Zhdanov 1953.
Etymology: L. gen. n. bovis, of the ox, cow.
Valid publication: DUMLER (J.S.), BARBET (A.F.), BEKKER (C.P.J.), DASCH (G.A.), PALMER (G.H.), RAY (S.C.), RIKIHISA (Y.) and RURANGIRWA (F.R.): Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, description of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 2145-2165.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Note: In the paper by Dumler et al. 2001, Anaplasma bovis is erroneously cited as a new combination.

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Anaplasma caudatum (ex Kreier and Ristic 1963) Ristic and Kreier 1984, nom. rev., comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) no culture isolated.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: not available.
Synonym: "Paranaplasma caudata" (sic) Kreier and Ristic 1963.
Etymology: L. neut. n. cauda, tail; L. neut. suff. -atum, suffix denoting provided with; N.L. neut. adj. caudatum, tailed, with a tail.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 15. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 355-357.
Effective publication: RISTIC (M.) and KREIER (J.P.): Genus Anaplasma. In: N.R. KRIEG and J.G. HOLT (editors), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, first edition, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1984, pp. 720-722.
Validation List no. 15 in IJSEM Online

Note: On the Validation List no. 15, this nomenclatural name is proposed as a new species.

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Anaplasma centrale (ex Theiler 1911) Ristic and Kreier 1984, nom. rev., comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) no culture isolated (see also the footnote).
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: not available.
Synonym: "Anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale" Theiler 1911.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. centrale, in the middle, central, referring to the location of the organism within erythrocytes.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 15. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 355-357.
Effective publication: RISTIC (M.) and KREIER (J.P.): Genus Anaplasma. In: N.R. KRIEG and J.G. HOLT (editors), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, first edition, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1984, pp. 720-722.
Validation List no. 15 in IJSEM Online

Note: Since 1984, several strains have been isolated. According to Dumler et al. the type strain of Anaplasma centrale is the strain Israel.
References: DUMLER (J.S.), RIKIHISA (Y.) and DASCH (G.A): Genus I. Anaplasma Theiler 1910, 7AL emend. Dumler, Barbet, Bekker, Dasch, Palmer, Ray, Rikihisa and Rurangirwa 2001, 2157. In: D.J. BRENNER, N.R. KRIEG, J.T. STALEY and G. M. GARRITY (editors), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part C (The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, pp. 117-125.

→ Anaplasma centrale (ex Theiler 1911) Ristic and Kreier 1984 emend. Khumalo et al. 2018.
Reference: KHUMALO, Z. T. H., BRAYTON, K. A., COLLINS, N. E., CHAISI, M. E., QUAN, M. and OOSTHUIZEN, M. C. 2018. Evidence confirming the phylogenetic position of Anaplasma centrale (ex Theiler 1911) Ristic and Kreier 1984. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 68, 2682-2691.
Original article.

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Anaplasma marginale Theiler 1910, species. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) no culture isolated.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: not available.
Synonyms: "Anaplasma argentium" Lignières 1914, "Anaplasma rossicum" Yakimoff and Bélawine 1927, "Anaplasma theileri" Neitz 1957.
Etymology: L. n. margo marginis, border, margin; L. neut. suff. -ale, suffix denoting pertaining to; N.L. neut. adj. marginale, marginal, referring to location of the organism within the erythrocytes.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: THEILER (A.): Anaplasma marginale (gen. and spec. nov.). The marginal points in the blood of cattle suffering from a specific disease. Report to the Government, Transvaal, South Africa. Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Agriculture1908-9, 1910, 7, 64.

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Anaplasma ovis Lestoquard 1924, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) no culture isolated (see also the footnote).
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: not available.
Etymology: L. gen. n. ovis, of the sheep.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: LESTOQUARD (F.): Deuxième note sur les Piroplasmoses du mouton en Algérie. L'anaplasmose: Anaplasma ovis nov. sp. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 1924, 17, 784-787.

Note: Since the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, several strains have been isolated. According to Dumler et al. the type strain of Anaplasma ovis is the strain Idaho.
References: DUMLER (J.S.), RIKIHISA (Y.) and DASCH (G.A): Genus I. Anaplasma Theiler 1910, 7AL emend. Dumler, Barbet, Bekker, Dasch, Palmer, Ray, Rikihisa and Rurangirwa 2001, 2157. In: D.J. BRENNER, N.R. KRIEG, J.T. STALEY and G. M. GARRITY (editors), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part C (The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, pp. 117-125.

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum corrig. (Foggie 1949) Dumler et al. 2001, comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Webster.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: U02521.
Basonym: ¤ Ehrlichia phagocytophila (Foggie 1949) Philip 1962 (Approved Lists 1980).
Other synonyms: "Rickettsia phagocytophila ovis" Foggie 1949, "Rickettsia phagocytophila" Foggie 1951, "Cytoecetes phagocytophila" (Foggie 1949) Foggie 1962, "Cytoecetes bovis" Tuomi 1966.
Etymology: N.L. n. phagocytum (from Gr. v. phagein, to eat up, devour; and Gr. n. kutos, hollow, a vessel and, in biology, a cell), a phagocyte; N.L. neut. adj. philum (from Gr. neut. adj. philon), friend, loving; N.L. neut. adj. phagocytophilum, phagocytes loving; intended to mean attractive to phagocytes.
Valid publication: DUMLER (J.S.), BARBET (A.F.), BEKKER (C.P.J.), DASCH (G.A.), PALMER (G.H.), RAY (S.C.), RIKIHISA (Y.) and RURANGIRWA (F.R.): Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, description of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 2145-2165.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Notes:
1 According to Dumler et al. 2001, Anaplasma phagocytophilum corrig. (Foggie 1949) Dumler et al. 2001 is an earlier synonym of ¤ Ehrlichia equi Lewis et al. 1988 and also encompasses the HGE (human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) agent.
Reference: DUMLER (J.S.), BARBET (A.F.), BEKKER (C.P.J.), DASCH (G.A.), PALMER (G.H.), RAY (S.C.), RIKIHISA (Y.) and RURANGIRWA (F.R.): Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, description of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 2145-2165.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 The original spelling of the specific epithet, phagocytophila (sic), has been corrected by the List Editor, IJSEM.
Reference: LIST EDITOR, IJSEM: Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 51, part 6, of the IJSEM. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2002, 52, 5-6.
Notification List in IJSEM Online

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Anaplasma platys Dumler et al. 2001, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) no culture isolated.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: not available.
Etymology: L. adj.  platys (the word from which platelet is derived), broad; N.L. n. platys, intended to mean infecting platelets?
Reference: DUMLER (J.S.), BARBET (A.F.), BEKKER (C.P.J.), DASCH (G.A.), PALMER (G.H.), RAY (S.C.), RIKIHISA (Y.) and RURANGIRWA (F.R.): Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, description of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 2145-2165.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Notes:
1 In the paper by Dumler et al. 2001, Anaplasma platys is erroneously cited as a new combination.
2 Anaplasma platys Dumler et al. 2001 was previously known as "Ehrlichia platys" French and Harvey 1983.
Reference: FRENCH (T.W.) and HARVEY (J.W.): Serologic diagnosis of infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia in dogs using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1983, 44, 2407-2411.
3 According to Rule 27(2) b, Anaplasma platys is illegitimate because the derivation (etymology) of the specific epithet is provided neither in the paper by Dumler et al. 2001 nor in the paper by French and Harvey 1983.
4 According to Rules 27(3) and 30, Anaplasma platys Dumler et al. 2001 is not validly published because it is a non-cultivable species.

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