Genus Azoarcus
Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (→) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).
Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 9
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 0
Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").
For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).
Azoarcus Reinhold-Hurek et al. 1993, gen. nov.
Type species: ¤ Azoarcus indigens Reinhold-Hurek et al. 1993.
Etymology: N.L. n. azotum [from Fr. n. azote (from Gr. prep. a, not; Gr. n. zôê, life; N.Gr. n. azôê, not sustaining life)], nitrogen; N.L. pref. azo-, pertaining to nitrogen; L. masc. n. arcus, arch, bow; N.L. masc. n. Azoarcus, nitrogen (-fixing) bow.
Valid publication: REINHOLD-HUREK (B.), HUREK (T.), GILLIS (M.), HOSTE (B.), VANCANNEYT (M.), KERSTERS (K.) and DE LEY (J.): Azoarcus gen. nov., nitrogen-fixing proteobacteria associated with roots of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth) and description of two species, Azoarcus indigens sp. nov. and Azoarcus communis sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 574-584.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Azoarcus anaerobius Springer et al. 1998, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) LuFRes1 = DSM 12081.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y14701.
Etymology: Gr. pref. an, not; Gr. n. aer aeros, air; Gr. n. bios, life; N.L. adj. anaerobius, not living in air, anaerobic.
Valid publication: SPRINGER (N.), LUDWIG (W.), PHILLIP (B.) and SCHINK (B.): Azoarcus anaerobius sp. nov., a resorcinol-degrading, strictly anaerobic, denitrifying bacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1998, 48, 953-956.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Azoarcus buckelii Mechichi et al. 2002, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) U120 = DSM 14744 = LMG 26916.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ315676.
Etymology: N.L. masc. gen. n. buckelii, of Buckel, named after Wolfgang Buckel, a German microbiologist.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 87. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 1437-1438.
Effective publication: MECHICHI (T.), STACKEBRANDT (E.), GAD'ON (N.) and FUCHS (G.): Phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of bacteria degrading aromatic compounds under denitrifying conditions, and description of Thauera phenylacetica sp. nov., Thauera aminoaromatica sp. nov., and Azoarcus buckelii sp. nov. Arch. Microbiol., 2002, 178, 26-35.
Validation List no. 87 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note: At the time of publication, the type strain was not deposited in two publicly accessible service collections in different countries, and Azoarcus buckelii Mechichi et al. 2002 was not validly published [Rules 27(3) and 30]. However, according to the Judicial Opinion 81, Azoarcus buckelii Mechichi et al. 2002 is now considered to be validly published, since deposit in a second culture collection in a different country has been documented.
References:
1 EUZÉBY (J.P.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Status of strains that contravene Rules 27(3) and 30 of the Bacteriological Code. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 293-301.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1755-1763.
Opinion 81 in IJSEM Online
Azoarcus communis Reinhold-Hurek et al. 1993, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) SWub3 = ATCC 51397= LMG 9095.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF011343.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. communis, usual, common, referring to diverse habitats.
Valid publication: REINHOLD-HUREK (B.), HUREK (T.), GILLIS (M.), HOSTE (B.), VANCANNEYT (M.), KERSTERS (K.) and DE LEY (J.): Azoarcus gen. nov., nitrogen-fixing proteobacteria associated with roots of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth) and description of two species, Azoarcus indigens sp. nov. and Azoarcus communis sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 574-584.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Azoarcus evansii Anders et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) KB 740 = DSM 6898 = NBRC 107771.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X77679.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. evansii, of Evans, in honor of W.C. Evans, a pioneer in studies of anaerobic aromatic metabolism.
Valid publication: ANDERS (H.J.), KAETZKE (A.), KÄMPFER (P.), LUDWIG (W.) and FUCHS (G.): Taxonomic position of aromatic-degrading denitrifying pseudomonad strains K 172 and KB 740 and their description as new members of the genera Thauera, as Thauera aromatica sp. nov., and Azoarcus, as Azoarcus evansii sp. nov., respectively, members of the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 327-333.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Azoarcus indigens Reinhold-Hurek et al. 1993, sp. nov. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) VB32 = ATCC 51398= LMG 9092.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF011345.
Etymology: L. v. indigere, to need, want, to stand in need or want of any thing; N.L. part. adj. indigens, being in need of, referring to the vitamin requirements.
Valid publication: REINHOLD-HUREK (B.), HUREK (T.), GILLIS (M.), HOSTE (B.), VANCANNEYT (M.), KERSTERS (K.) and DE LEY (J.): Azoarcus gen. nov., nitrogen-fixing proteobacteria associated with roots of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth) and description of two species, Azoarcus indigens sp. nov. and Azoarcus communis sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 574-584.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Azoarcus olearius Chen et al. 2013, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) DQS-4=BCRC 80407=KCTC 23918=LMG 26893.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: EF158388.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. olearius of or belonging to oil, describing the environment from which the type strain was isolated.
Source: Environmental - soil.
Reference: CHEN, M.-H., SHEU, S.-Y., JAMES, E. K., YOUNG, C.-C. and CHEN, W.-M. 2013. Azoarcus olearius sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from oil-contaminated soil. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 63, 3755-3761.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) MF63 = ATCC 700605.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF123077.
Etymology: N.L. n. toluenum (from Fr. or Sp. tolu, balsam from Santiago de Tolu), toluene; N.L. adj. clasticus -a -um (from Gr. adj. klastos -ê -on, broken in pieces), breaking; N.L. masc. adj. toluclasticus, toluene-breaking.
Valid publication: SONG (B.), HÄGGBLOM (M.M.), ZHOU (J.), TIEDJE (J.M.) and PALLERONI (N.J.): Taxonomic characterization of denitrifying bacteria that degrade aromatic compounds and description of Azoarcus toluvorans sp. nov. and Azoarcus toluclasticus sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol, 1999, 49, 1129-1140.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Azoarcus tolulyticus Zhou et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Tol-4 = ATCC 51758.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: L33694.
Etymology: N.L. n. toluenum (from Fr. or Sp. tolu, balsam from Santiago de Tolu), toluene; N.L. adj. lyticus -a -um (from Gr. adj. lutikos -ê -on), able to loosen, able to dissolve; N.L. masc. adj. tolulyticus, toluene-devouring.
Valid publication: ZHOU (J.), FRIES (M.R.), CHEE-SANFORD (J.C.) and TIEDJE (J.M.): Phylogenetic analyses of a new group of denitrifiers capable of anaerobic growth on toluene and description of Azoarcus tolulyticus sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 500-506.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Azoarcus toluvorans Song et al. 1999, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Td21 = ATCC 700604.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: L33692.
Etymology: N.L. n. toluenum (from Fr. or Sp. tolu, balsam from Santiago de Tolu), toluene; L. part. adj. vorans, eating, devouring; N.L. part. adj. toluvorans, toluene dissolving.
Valid publication: SONG (B.), HÄGGBLOM (M.M.), ZHOU (J.), TIEDJE (J.M.) and PALLERONI (N.J.): Taxonomic characterization of denitrifying bacteria that degrade aromatic compounds and description of Azoarcus toluvorans sp. nov. and Azoarcus toluclasticus sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol, 1999, 49, 1129-1140.
Original article in IJSEM Online