Genus Carnobacterium
Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (→) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).
Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 13
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 2
Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").
For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).
Carnobacterium Collins et al. 1987, gen. nov. (Type genus of the family ¤ Carnobacteriaceae Ludwig et al. 2010).
Type species: ¤ Carnobacterium divergens (Holzapfel and Gerber 1984) Collins et al. 1987.
Etymology: L. n. caro carnis, flesh; L. neut. n. bacterium, a small rod; N.L. neut. n. Carnobacterium, flesh rodlet.
Valid publication: COLLINS (M.D.), FARROW (J.A.E.), PHILLIPS (B.A.), FERESU (S.) and JONES (D.): Classification of Lactobacillus divergens, Lactobacillus piscicola, and some catalase-negative, asporogenous, rod-shaped bacteria from poultry in a new genus, Carnobacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 310-316.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Notes: The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly as S. Ferusu. The correct spelling is S. Feresu.
References:
1 PARTE (A.): Personal communication (August 15, 2008).
2 Erratum. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 2672.
Erratum in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium alterfunditum Franzmann et al. 1993, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) pf4 = ACAM 313 = ATCC 49837= CCUG 34643 = CIP 105796 = DSM 5972 = IFO (now NBRC) 15548 = JCM 12498 = LMG 13520.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: not found.
Etymology: L. adj. alter, another; L. adj. funditus, from the bottom, and a bacterial specific epithet; N.L. neut. adj. alterfunditum, another [Carnobacterium] funditum.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 44. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 188-189.
Effective publication: FRANZMANN (P.D.), HÖPFL (P.), WEISS (N.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Psychrotrophic, lactic acid-producing bacteria from anoxic waters in Ace Lake, Antarctica: Carnobacterium funditum sp. nov. and Carnobacterium alterfunditum sp. nov. Arch. Microbiol., 1991, 156, 255-262.
Validation List no. 44 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Carnobacterium antarcticum Zhu et al. 2018, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CP1=DSM 103363=CGMCC 1.15643.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: MG734178.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: CP010796.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. antarcticum, southern, pertaining to Antarctica, the geographical origin of the type strain.
Source: Environmental - soil.
Valid publication: ZHU, S., LIN, D., XIONG, S., WANG, X., XUE, Z., DONG, B., SHEN, X., MA, X., CHEN, J. and YANG, J. 2018. Carnobacterium antarcticum sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from sandy soil in Antarctica. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 68, 1672-1677.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium divergens (Holzapfel and Gerber 1984) Collins et al. 1987, comb. nov. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 66 = ATCC 35677= CCUG 30094 = CIP 101029 = DSM 20623 = IFO (now NBRC) 15683 = JCM 5816 = JCM 9133 = LMG 9199 = NCIMB 11952 (formerly NCDO 2763) = NRRL B-14830.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: M58816.
Basonym: ¤ Lactobacillus divergens Holzapfel and Gerber 1984.
Etymology: L. part. adj. divergens, deviating, diverging.
Valid publication: COLLINS (M.D.), FARROW (J.A.E.), PHILLIPS (B.A.), FERESU (S.) and JONES (D.): Classification of Lactobacillus divergens, Lactobacillus piscicola, and some catalase-negative, asporogenous, rod-shaped bacteria from poultry in a new genus, Carnobacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 310-316.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly as S. Ferusu. The correct spelling is S. Feresu.
References:
1 PARTE (A.): Personal communication (August 15, 2008).
2 Erratum. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 2672.
Erratum in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium funditum Franzmann et al. 1993, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) pf3 = ACAM 312 = ATCC 49836= CCUG 34644 = CIP 106503 = DSM 5970 = IFO (now NBRC) 15549 = JCM 12499 = LMG 14461.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: S86170.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. funditum, from the bottom.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 44. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 188-189.
Effective publication: FRANZMANN (P.D.), HÖPFL (P.), WEISS (N.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Psychrotrophic, lactic acid-producing bacteria from anoxic waters in Ace Lake, Antarctica: Carnobacterium funditum sp. nov. and Carnobacterium alterfunditum sp. nov. Arch. Microbiol., 1991, 156, 255-262.
Validation List no. 44 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Carnobacterium gallinarum Collins et al. 1987, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) MT44 = ATCC 49517= CCUG 30095 = CIP 103160 = DSM 4847 = JCM 12517 = LMG 9841 = NCIMB 12848 (formerly NCFB 2766) = NRRL B-14832.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ387905.
Etymology: L. n. gallina, a hen; L. gen. pl. n. gallinarum, of hens.
Valid publication: COLLINS (M.D.), FARROW (J.A.E.), PHILLIPS (B.A.), FERESU (S.) and JONES (D.): Classification of Lactobacillus divergens, Lactobacillus piscicola, and some catalase-negative, asporogenous, rod-shaped bacteria from poultry in a new genus, Carnobacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 310-316.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly as S. Ferusu. The correct spelling is S. Feresu.
References:
1 PARTE (A.): Personal communication (August 15, 2008).
2 Erratum. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 2672.
Erratum in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium iners Snauwaert et al. 2013, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CCUG 62000 = LMG 26642.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: HE583595.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. iners, inactive, lazy.
Valid publication: SNAUWAERT (I.), HOSTE (B.), DE BRUYNE (K.), PEETERS (K.), DE VUYST (L.), WILLEMS (A.) and VANDAMME (P.): Carnobacterium iners sp. nov., a psychrophilic, lactic acid-producing bacterium from the littoral zone of an Antarctic pond. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2013, 63,1370-1375.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium inhibens Jöborn et al. 1999, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) K1 = CCUG 31728 = CIP 106863 = DSM 13024 = JCM 16168.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Z73313.
Etymology: L. part. adj. inhibens, inhibiting, referring to the growth-inhibitory activity that the bacterium shows.
Valid publication: JÖBORN (A.), DORSCH (M.), OLSSON (J.C.), WESTERDAHL (A.) and KJELLEBERG (S.): Carnobacterium inhibens sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1891-1898.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Carnobacterium inhibens Jöborn et al. 1999 emend. Nicholson et al. 2015.
Reference: NICHOLSON, W. L., ZHALNINA, K., DE OLIVEIRA, R. R. and TRIPLETT, E. W. 2015. Proposal to rename Carnobacterium inhibens as Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. inhibens subsp. nov. and description of Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. gilichinskyi subsp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Siberian permafrost. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 556-561
Original article.
Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. gilichinskyi Nicholson et al. 2015, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) WN1359=ATCC BAA-2557=DSM 27470.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Z73313.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. gilichinskyi, named after David Gilichinsky, pioneer in permafrost microbiology.
Source: Environmental.
Valid publication: NICHOLSON, W. L., ZHALNINA, K., DE OLIVEIRA, R. R. and TRIPLETT, E. W. 2015. Proposal to rename Carnobacterium inhibens as Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. inhibens subsp. nov. and description of Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. gilichinskyi subsp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Siberian permafrost. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 556-561
Original article in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. inhibens Nicholson et al. 2015, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) K1=CCUG 31728=DSM 13024.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: -.
Whole-genome sequence accession no. for the type strain: JQIV01000006.
Etymology: M.L. adj. inhibens, from L. v. inhibeo, to inhibit, referring to the growth-inhibitory activity that the bacterium shows.
Source: Environmental.
Valid publication: NICHOLSON, W. L., ZHALNINA, K., DE OLIVEIRA, R. R. and TRIPLETT, E. W. 2015. Proposal to rename Carnobacterium inhibens as Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. inhibens subsp. nov. and description of Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. gilichinskyi subsp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Siberian permafrost. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 556-561
Original article in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium jeotgali Kim et al. 2009, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) MS3 = JCM 15539 = KCTC 13251.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: EU817500.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. jeotgali, of jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood.
Valid publication: KIM (M.S.), ROH (S.W.), NAM (Y.D.), YOON (J.H.) and BAE (J.W.): Carnobacterium jeotgali sp. nov., isolated from a Korean traditional fermented food. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 3168-3171.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (Miller et al. 1974) Mora et al. 2003, comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 27865= CCUG 30142 = CIP 103135 = DSM 20342 = JCM 1154 = LMG 6903 = NRRL B-14852.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: M58825.
Basonym: ¤ Lactobacillus maltaromicus Miller et al. 1974 (Approved Lists 1980).
Heterotypic synonyms: ¤ Lactobacillus piscicola Hiu et al. 1984, ¤ Lactobacillus carnis Shaw and Harding 1986, ¤ Carnobacterium piscicola (Hiu et al. 1984) Collins et al. 1987.
Etymology: N.L. neut. n. maltum, malt; L. adj. aromaticus -a -um, aromatic, fragrant; N.L. neut. adj. maltaromaticum, possessing a malt-like aroma.
Valid publication: MORA (D.), SCARPELLINI (M.), FRANZETTI (L.), COLOMBO (S.) and GALLI (A.): Reclassification of Lactobacillus maltaromicus (Miller et al. 1974) DSM 20342T and DSM 20344 and Carnobacterium piscicola (Collins et al. 1987) DSM 20730T and DSM 20722 as Carnobacterium maltaromaticum comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 675-678.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium mobile Collins et al. 1987, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) MT37L = ATCC 49516= CCUG 30096 = CIP 103159 = DSM 4848 = JCM 12516 = LMG 9842 = NCIMB 12847 (formerly NCFB 2765) = NRRL B-14831.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AB083414.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. mobile, movable, motile.
Valid publication: COLLINS (M.D.), FARROW (J.A.E.), PHILLIPS (B.A.), FERESU (S.) and JONES (D.): Classification of Lactobacillus divergens, Lactobacillus piscicola, and some catalase-negative, asporogenous, rod-shaped bacteria from poultry in a new genus, Carnobacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 310-316.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly as S. Ferusu. The correct spelling is S. Feresu.
References:
1 PARTE (A.): Personal communication (August 15, 2008).
2 Erratum. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 2672.
Erratum in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium piscicola (Hiu et al. 1984) Collins et al. 1987, comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) B270 = ATCC 35586= CCUG 34645 = CIP 103158 = DSM 20730 = HAMBI 2234 = IFO (now NBRC) 15684 = JCM 5348 = LMG 9839 = NCIMB 2264 (formerly NCDO 2762) = NRRL B-14829.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X54268.
Basonym: ¤ Lactobacillus piscicola Hiu et al. 1984.
Heterotypic synonym: ¤ Lactobacillus carnis Shaw and Harding 1986.
Etymology: L. n. piscis, fish; L. suff. -cola (from L. n. incola), inhabitant dweller; N.L. n. piscicola, fish-dweller.
Valid publication: COLLINS (M.D.), FARROW (J.A.E.), PHILLIPS (B.A.), FERESU (S.) and JONES (D.): Classification of Lactobacillus divergens, Lactobacillus piscicola, and some catalase-negative, asporogenous, rod-shaped bacteria from poultry in a new genus, Carnobacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 310-316.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Notes:
1 According to Collins et al. 1987, ¤ Lactobacillus carnis Shaw and Harding 1986 is a later heterotypic synonym of ¤ Lactobacillus piscicola Hiu et al. 1984 which is transfered to the genus Carnobacterium Collins et al. 1987 as Carnobacterium piscicola (Hiu et al. 1984) Collins et al. 1987.
Reference: COLLINS (M.D.), FARROW (J.A.E.), PHILLIPS (B.A.), FERESU (S.) and JONES (D.): Classification of Lactobacillus divergens, Lactobacillus piscicola, and some catalase-negative, asporogenous, rod-shaped bacteria from poultry in a new genus, Carnobacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 310-316.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly as S. Ferusu. The correct spelling is S. Feresu.
References:
1 PARTE (A.): Personal communication (August 15, 2008).
2 Erratum. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 2672.
Erratum in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (Miller et al. 1974) Mora et al. 2003.
Note: According to Mora et al. 2003, Carnobacterium piscicola (Hiu et al. 1984) Collins et al. 1987 is a later heterotypic synonym of ¤ Lactobacillus maltaromicus Miller et al. 1974 (Approved Lists 1980) which is transfered to the genus Carnobacterium Collins et al. 1987 as ¤ Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (Miller et al. 1974) Mora et al. 2003.
Reference: MORA (D.), SCARPELLINI (M.), FRANZETTI (L.), COLOMBO (S.) and GALLI (A.): Reclassification of Lactobacillus maltaromicus (Miller et al. 1974) DSM 20342T and DSM 20344 and Carnobacterium piscicola (Collins et al. 1987) DSM 20730T and DSM 20722 as Carnobacterium maltaromaticum comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 675-678.
Original article in IJSEM Online.
Carnobacterium pleistocenium Pikuta et al. 2005, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) FTR1 = ATCC BAA-754 = CIP 108033 = JCM 12174.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF450136.
Etymology: N.L. neut. adj. pleistocenium, belonging to the Pleistocene, a geological epoch.
Valid publication: PIKUTA (E.V.), MARSIC (D.), BEJ (A.), TANG (J.), KRADER (P.) and HOOVER (R.B.): Carnobacterium pleistocenium sp. nov., a novel psychrotolerant, facultative anaerobe isolated from permafrost of the Fox Tunnel in Alaska. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 473-478.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Carnobacterium viridans Holley et al. 2002, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) MPL-11 = ATCC BAA-336 = DSM 14451 = JCM 12222.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF425608.
Etymology: L. part. adj. viridans, making green, referring to the production of a green color in cured meat by the organism.
Valid publication: HOLLEY (R.A.), GUAN (T.Y.), PEIRSON (M.) and YOST (C.K.): Carnobacterium viridans sp. nov., an alkaliphilic, facultative anaerobe isolated from refrigerated, vacuum-packed bologna sausage. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 1881-1885.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: The specific epithet is a L. part. adj., not a N.L. adj. as cited in the paper by Holley et al. 2002.