Genus Frankia
Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (→) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).
Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 10
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 0
Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").
For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).
Frankia Brunchorst 1886, genus. (Type genus of the suborder ¤ Frankineae Stackebrandt et al. 1997; type genus of the family ¤ Frankiaceae Becking 1970 [Approved Lists 1980]).
Type species: ¤ Frankia alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895 (Approved Lists 1980).
Synonym: "Frankiella" Maire and Tison 1909.
Etymology: N.L. fem. n. Frankia, named after Albert Bernhard Frank (1839–1900), a Swiss plant biologist, who studied extensively nitrogen nutrition in legumes and the micro-organisms causing root nodulation from 1877 to 1892 and who coined the term "symbiosis".
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: BRUNCHORST (J.): Über einige Wurzelanschwellungen, besonders diejenigen von Alnus und den Elaegnaceen. Botanische Institut Tubingen, 1886, 2, 151-177.
Frankia alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895, species. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ACN14a=DSM 45986=CECT 9034 (see also the footnote).
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KX674376.
Whole-genome sequence accession no. for the type strain: CT573213.
Synonyms: "Schinzia alni" Woronin 1866, "Plasmodiophora alni (Woronin 1866) Möller 1885, "Frankia subtilis" Brunchorst 1886, "Frankiella alni" (Woronin 1866) Maire and Tison 1909, "Aktinomyces alni" (sic) (Woronin 1866) Peklo 1910, "Actinomyces alni" (Woronin 1866) Roberg 1934, "Proactinomyces alni" (Woronin 1866) Krasil'nikov 1941, "Streptomyces alni" (Woronin 1866) Fiuczek 1959, "Nocardia alni" (Woronin 1866) Waksman 1961.
Etymology: L. n. alnus, the alder and also a genus name (Alnus); L. gen. n. alni, of the alder (or of Alnus).
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 WORONIN (M.): Über die bei der Schwarzerle (Alnus glutinosa) und der gewöhnlichen Garten-Lupine (Lupinus mutabilis) auftretenden, Wurzelanschwellungen. Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences St Petersburg, 1866, 10, 1-10. 2 VON TUBEUF (K.) (ed.): Pflanzenkrankheiten durch Kryptogame Parasiten verursacht. Verlag J Springer, Berlin, 1895, pp. 1-599.
Note: Since the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, several strains of Frankia alni were isolated. However, no type strain was designated.
Note: Nouioui et al. (2016) proposed the type strain (ACN14a=DSM 45986=CECT 9034) for Frankia alni.
Reference: NOUIOUI, I., GHODHBANE-GTARI, F., MONTERO-CALASANZ, M. D., GOKER, M., MEIER-KOLTHOFF, J. P., SCHUMANN, P., ROHDE, M., GOODFELLOW, M., FERNANDEZ, M. P., NORMAND, P., TISA, L. S., KLENK, H. P. and GTARI, M. 2016. Proposal of a type strain for Frankia alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895, emended description of Frankia alni, and recognition of Frankia casuarinae sp. nov. and Frankia elaeagni sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 66, 5201-5210.
Article in IJSEM Online
→ Frankia alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895 emend. Nouioui et al. 2016.
Reference: NOUIOUI, I., GHODHBANE-GTARI, F., MONTERO-CALASANZ, M. D., GOKER, M., MEIER-KOLTHOFF, J. P., SCHUMANN, P., ROHDE, M., GOODFELLOW, M., FERNANDEZ, M. P., NORMAND, P., TISA, L. S., KLENK, H. P. and GTARI, M. 2016. Proposal of a type strain for Frankia alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895, emended description of Frankia alni, and recognition of Frankia casuarinae sp. nov. and Frankia elaeagni sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 66, 5201-5210.
Original article.
Frankia asymbiotica Nouioui et al. 2017, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) M16386=DSM 100626=CECT 9040.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KY744730,.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: MOMC00000000.1.
Etymology: Gr. pref. a, not; N.L. fem. adj. symbiotica, living together; N.L. fem. adj. asymbiotica, not symbiotic.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: NOUIOUI, I., GUEDDOU, A., GHODHBANE-GTARI, F., RHODE, M., GTARI, M. and KLENK, H. P. 2017. Frankia asymbiotica sp. nov., a non-infective actinobacterium isolated from Morella californica root nodule. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 67, 4897-4901.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Frankia canadensis Normand et al. 2018, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ARgP5=DSM 45898=CECT 9033.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: L40612.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: OESX01000001.
Etymology: N.L. fem. adj. canadensis, of or pertaining to Canada.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: NORMAND, P., NOUIOUI, I., PUJIC, P., FOURNIER, P., DUBOST, A., SCHWOB, G., KLENK, H. P., NGUYEN, A., ABROUK, D., HERRERA-BELAROUSSI, A., POTHIER, J. F., PFLUGER, V. and FERNANDEZ, M. P. 2018. Frankia canadensis sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Alnus incana subspecies rugosa. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 68, 3001-3011.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Frankia casuarinae Nouioui et al. 2016, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CcI3=DSM 45818=CECT 9043.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KX674375.
Whole-genome sequence accession no. for the type strain: CP000249.
Etymology: N.L. gen. fem. n. casuarinae, of Casuarina, referring to the source of the isolate.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: NOUIOUI, I., GHODHBANE-GTARI, F., MONTERO-CALASANZ, M. D., GOKER, M., MEIER-KOLTHOFF, J. P., SCHUMANN, P., ROHDE, M., GOODFELLOW, M., FERNANDEZ, M. P., NORMAND, P., TISA, L. S., KLENK, H. P. and GTARI, M. 2016. Proposal of a type strain for Frankia alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895, emended description of Frankia alni, and recognition of Frankia casuarinae sp. nov. and Frankia elaeagni sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 66, 5201-5210.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Frankia coriariae Nouioui et al. 2017, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) BMG5.1=CECT 9032=DSM 100624.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KY066449.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: JWIO00000000.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. coriariae, of Coriaria, referring to the origin of isolation of the type strain.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: NOUIOUI, I., GHODHBANE-GTARI, F., ROHDE, M., KLENK, H. P. and GTARI, M. 2017. Frankia coriariae sp. nov., an infective and effective microsymbiont isolated from Coriaria japonica. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 67, 1266-1270.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Frankia discariae Nouioui et al. 2017, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) BCU110501=CECT 9042=DSM 46785.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KX825919.
Etymology: N/A.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: VALIDATION LIST no. 177. List of novel names and novel combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 67 (2017), 3140-3143.
Validation List Online
Effective publication: NOUIOUI, I., DEL CARMEN MONTERO-CALASANZ, M., GHODHBANE-GTARI, F., ROHDE, M., TISA, L. S., KLENK, H. P. and GTARI, M. 2017. Frankia discariae sp. nov.: an infective and effective microsymbiont isolated from the root nodule of Discaria trinervis. Arch. Microbiol., 199, 641-647.
Effective publication Online
Frankia elaeagni Nouioui et al. 2016, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) BMG5.12=DSM 46783=CECT 9031.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KX674377.
Whole-genome sequence accession no. for the type strain: ARFH00000000.
Etymology: N.L. gen. fem. n. elaeagni, of Elaeagnus, referring to the source of the isolate.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: NOUIOUI, I., GHODHBANE-GTARI, F., MONTERO-CALASANZ, M. D., GOKER, M., MEIER-KOLTHOFF, J. P., SCHUMANN, P., ROHDE, M., GOODFELLOW, M., FERNANDEZ, M. P., NORMAND, P., TISA, L. S., KLENK, H. P. and GTARI, M. 2016. Proposal of a type strain for Frankia alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895, emended description of Frankia alni, and recognition of Frankia casuarinae sp. nov. and Frankia elaeagni sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 66, 5201-5210.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Frankia inefficax Nouioui et al. 2017, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) EuI1c=CECT 9037=DSM 45817.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KX695197.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: CP002299.
Etymology: -.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: VALIDATION LIST no. 175. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 67 (2017), 1095-1098.
Validation List Online
Effective publication: NOUIOUI, I., GHODHBANE-GTARI, F., DEL CARMEN MONTERO-CALASANZ, M., ROHDE, M., TISA, L. S., GTARI, M. and KLENK, H. P. 2017. Frankia inefficax sp. nov., an actinobacterial endophyte inducing ineffective, non nitrogen-fixing, root nodules on its actinorhizal host plants. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 110, 313-320.
Effective publication Online
Frankia irregularis Nouioui et al. 2018, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also StrainInfo.net) G2=DSM 45899=CECT 9038.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: MH145366.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: FAOZ00000000.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. irregularis, of irregular, referring to the inability of the species to infect its original host plant and to infect taxonomically disparate host plants.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: NOUIOUI, I., GHODHBANE-GTARI, F., RHODE, M., SANGAL, V., KLENK, H. P. and GTARI, M. 2018. Frankia irregularis sp. nov., an actinobacterium unable to nodulate its original host, Casuarina equisetifolia, but effectively nodulates members of the actinorhizal Rhamnales. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 68, 2883-2914.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Frankia saprophytica Nouioui et al. 2018, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CN3=DSM 105290=CECT 9314.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: MF960832.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: AGJN00000000.
Etymology: Gr. adj. sapros, rotten; Gr. adj. phytikos, belonging to plants; N.L. fem. adj. saprophytica, growing on rotten material, referring here to the asymbiotic lifestyle of the type strain.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: NOUIOUI, I., GHODHBANE-GTARI, F., KLENK, H. P. and GTARI, M. 2018. Frankia saprophytica sp. nov., an atypical, non-infective (Nod−) and non-nitrogen fixing (Fix&minusus;) actinobacterium isolated from Coriaria nepalensis root nodules. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 68, 1090-1095.
Original article in IJSEM Online