Genus Maribacter
Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (→) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).
Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 23
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 0
Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").
For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).
Maribacter Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004, gen. nov.
Type species: ¤ Maribacter sedimenticola Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004.
Etymology: L. neut. n. mare, the sea; N.L. masc. n. bacter, rod; N.L. masc. n. Maribacter, rod inhabiting marine environments.
Valid publication: NEDASHKOVSKAYA (O.I.), KIM (S.B.), HAN (S.K.), LYSENKO (A.M.), ROHDE (M.), RHEE (M.S.), FROLOVA (G.M.), FALSEN (E.), MIKHAILOV (V.V.) and BAE (K.S.): Maribacter gen. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine habitats, containing the species Maribacter sedimenticola sp. nov., Maribacter aquivivus sp. nov., Maribacter orientalis sp. nov. and Maribacter ulvicola sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1017-1023.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Maribacter Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004 emend. Barbeyron et al. 2008.
Reference: BARBEYRON (T.), CARPENTIER (F.), L'HARIDON (S.), SCHÜLER (M.), MICHEL (G.) and AMANN (R.): Description of Maribacter forsetii sp. nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of the genus Maribacter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 790-797.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Maribacter Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004 emend. Nedashkovskaya et al. 2010.
Reference: NEDASHKOVSKAYA (O.I.), KIM (S.B.) and MIKHAILOV (V.V.): Maribacter stanieri sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2010, 60, 214-218.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Maribacter Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004 emend. Barbeyron et al. 2008 emend. Nedashkovskaya et al. 2010 Weerawongwiwat et al. 2013.
Reference: WEERAWONGWIWAT, V., KANG, H., JUNG, M. Y. and KIM, W. 2013. Maribacter chungangensis sp. nov., isolated from a green seaweed, and emended descriptions of the genus Maribacter and Maribacter arcticus. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 63, 2553-2558.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Maribacter Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004 emend. Barbeyron et al. 2008 emend. Nedashkovskaya et al. 2010 Weerawongwiwat et al. 2013 emend. Lo et al. 2013.
Reference: LO, N., JIN, H. M. and JEON, C. O. 2013. Maribacter aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment, and emended description of the genus Maribacter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 63, 3409-3414.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Maribacter Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004 emend. Barbeyron et al. 2008 emend. Nedashkovskaya et al. 2010 Weerawongwiwat et al. 2013 emend. Lo et al. 2013 emend. Hu et al. 2015.
Reference: HU, J., YANG, Q.-Q., REN, Y., ZHANG, W.-W., ZHENG, G., SUN, C., PAN, J., ZHU, X.-F., ZHANG, X.-Q. and WU, M. 2015. Maribacter thermophilus sp. nov., isolated from an algal bloom in an intertidal zone, and emended description of the genus Maribacter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 36-41
Original article.
→ Maribacter Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004 emend. Barbeyron et al. 2008 emend. Nedashkovskaya et al. 2010 Weerawongwiwat et al. 2013 emend. Lo et al. 2013 emend. Hu et al. 2015 emend. Jackson et al. 2015.
Reference: JACKSON, S. A., KENNEDY, J., MORRISSEY, J. P., O'GARA, F. and DOBSON, A. D. W. 2015. Maribacter spongiicola sp. nov. and Maribacter vaceletii sp. nov., isolated from marine sponges, and emended description of the genus Maribacter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 2097-2103.
Original article.
Maribacter aestuarii Lo et al. 2013, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) GY20=KACC 16440=JCM 18631.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: JN642273.
Etymology: L. gen. n. aestuarii, of a tidal flat, from where the type strain was isolated.
Source: Environmental - marine.
Reference: LO, N., JIN, H. M. and JEON, C. O. 2013. Maribacter aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment, and emended description of the genus Maribacter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 63, 3409-3414.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CL-AP4 = JCM 15445 = KCCM 90069.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: EU512921.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. antarcticus, southern, by extension pertaining to the Antarctic, the environment from where the type strain was isolated.
Valid publication: ZHANG (G.I.), HWANG (C.Y.), KANG (S.H.) and CHO (B.C.): Maribacter antarcticus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from a culture of the Antarctic green alga Pyramimonas gelidicola. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 1455-1459.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter aquivivus Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CCUG 48009 = KCTC 12968 = KMM 3949.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY271625.
Etymology: L. fem. n. aqua, water; L. adj. vivus, alive; N.L. masc. adj. aquivivus, living in water.
Valid publication: NEDASHKOVSKAYA (O.I.), KIM (S.B.), HAN (S.K.), LYSENKO (A.M.), ROHDE (M.), RHEE (M.S.), FROLOVA (G.M.), FALSEN (E.), MIKHAILOV (V.V.) and BAE (K.S.): Maribacter gen. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine habitats, containing the species Maribacter sedimenticola sp. nov., Maribacter aquivivus sp. nov., Maribacter orientalis sp. nov. and Maribacter ulvicola sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1017-1023.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: The adjective vivus is a Latin adjective, not a neo-Latin adjective as cited in the paper by Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004.
Maribacter arcticus Cho et al. 2008, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) KOPRI 20941 = JCM 14790 = KCTC 22053.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY771762.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. arcticus, northern, pertaining to the Arctic, the geographical origin of the type strain.
Valid publication: CHO (K.H.), HONG (S.G.), CHO (H.H.), LEE (Y.K.), CHUN (J.) and LEE (H.K.): Maribacter arcticus sp. nov., isolated from Arctic marine sediment. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1300-1303.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Maribacter arcticus Nedashkovskaya et al. 2010, emend. Weerawongwiwat et al. 2013
Reference: WEERAWONGWIWAT, V., KANG, H., JUNG, M. Y. and KIM, W. 2013. Maribacter chungangensis sp. nov., isolated from a green seaweed, and emended descriptions of the genus Maribacter and Maribacter arcticus. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 63, 2553-2558.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter arenosus Thongphrom et al. 2016, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CAU 1321=KCTC 52191=NBRC 111990.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KU719511.
Whole-genome sequence accession no. for the type strain: .
Etymology: L. masc. adj. arenosus, sandy.
Source: Environmental - marine.
Valid publication: THONGPHROM, C., KIM, J. H. and KIM, W. 2016. Maribacter arenosus sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 66, 4826-4831.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter caenipelagi Jung et al. 2015, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) HD-44=CECT 8455=KCTC 32549.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KF748920.
Whole-genome sequence accession no. for the type strain: -.
Etymology: L. n. caenum -i, mud; L. n. pelagus -i, the sea; N. L. gen. n. caenipelagi, of mud of the sea, the place from which the type strain was isolated.
Source: Environmental - marine.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 166. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65 (2015), 3763-3767.
Validation List Online
Effective publication: Jung, Y.-T., Lee, J.-S. and Yoon, J.-H. 2014. Maribacter caenipelagi sp. nov., a member of the Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a tidal flat sediment of the Yellow Sea in Korea. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 106, 733-742.
Effective publication Online
Maribacter chungangensis Weerawongwiwat et al. 2013, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CAU 1044=KCTC 23735=CCUG 61948.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: JN036550.
Etymology: N.L. masc. adj. chungangensis, of or belonging to Chung-Ang University where the taxonomic studies on this species were performed.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: WEERAWONGWIWAT, V., KANG, H., JUNG, M. Y. and KIM, W. 2013. Maribacter chungangensis sp. nov., isolated from a green seaweed, and emended descriptions of the genus Maribacter and Maribacter arcticus. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 63, 2553-2558.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter cobaltidurans Fang et al. 2017, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) B1=CGMCC 1.15508=KCTC 52882=MCCC 1K03318.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: JQ781697.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: CP022957.
Etymology: N.L. neut. n. cobaltum, cobalt; L. pres. part. durans, enduring, being insensible to; N.L. part. adj. cobaltidurans, cobalt-tolerating.
Source: Environmental - marine.
Valid publication: FANG, C., WU, Y. H., XAMXIDIN, M., WANG, C. S. and XU, X. W. 2017. Maribacter cobaltidurans sp. nov., a heavy-metal-tolerant bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediment. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 67, 5261-5267.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) SSK2-2=KCTC 42604=CECT 8869.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KR006347.
Etymology: L. masc. gen. n. confluentis, of a meeting place of waters.
Source: Environmental - marine.
Valid publication: PARK, S., JUNG, Y. T., PARK, J. M., WON, S. M. and YOON, J. H. 2015. Maribacter confluentis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 3079-3085.
Original article in IJSEM Online Maribacter dokdonensis Yoon et al. 2005, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) DSW-8 = DSM 17201 = KCTC 12393.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY960749.
Etymology: N.L. masc. adj. dokdonensis, pertaining to Dokdo, the Korean island from wrere the strains were isolated.
Valid publication: YOON (J.H.), KANG (S.J.), LEE (S.Y.), LEE (C.H.) and OH (T.K.): Maribacter dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from sea water off a Korean island, Dokdo. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 2051-2055.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter flavus Tang et al. 2015, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) C3=KCTC 42508=CGMCC 1.15112.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KR058351.
Etymology: L. adj. flavus, yellow.
Source: Environmental - freshwater.
Valid publication: TANG, M., WANG, G., XIANG, W., CHEN, C., WU, J., DAI, S., WU, H., LI, T. and WU, H. 2015. Maribacter flavus sp. nov., isolated from a cyanobactrial culture pond. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 3997-4002.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter forsetii Barbeyron et al. 2008, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) KT02ds18-6 = CIP 109504 = DSM 18668.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AM712900.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. forsetii, of Forseti, a god in Scandinavian mythology that lived on Helgoland, the German island from where the bacterium was isolated.
Valid publication: BARBEYRON (T.), CARPENTIER (F.), L'HARIDON (S.), SCHÜLER (M.), MICHEL (G.) and AMANN (R.): Description of Maribacter forsetii sp. nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of the genus Maribacter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 790-797.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter litoralis Lee et al. 2018, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) SDRB-Phe2=JCM 32373=KCTC 62273=DSM 106042.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: MG456900.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: QCZD01000000.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. litoralis, of or belonging to the seashore.
Source: Environmental - marine.
Valid publication: LEE, D. W., LEE, H., KWON, B. O., KHIM, J. S., YIM, U. H., PARK, H., PARK, B., CHOI, I. G., KIM, B. S. and KIM, J. J. 2018. Maribacter litoralis sp. nov. a marine bacterium isolated from seashore. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 68, 3471-3478.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter litorisediminis Park et al. 2016, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) HPTF-2=KCTC 52251=NBRC 112297.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KX198138.
Whole-genome sequence accession no. for the type strain: .
Etymology: L. n. litus –oris, the seashore, coast; L. n. sedimen –inis, sediment; N.L. gen. n. litorisediminis, of a coastal sediment, tidal flat sediment.
Source: Environmental - marine.
Valid publication: PARK, S., JUNG, Y. T., WON, S. M. and YOON, J. H. 2016. Maribacter litorisediminis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 66, 4236-4242.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter lutimaris Kim et al. 2016, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) KJ4=KACC 16438=JCM 31154.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: JN642274.
Whole-genome sequence accession no. for the type strain: .
Etymology: L. n. lutum, mud, sediment; L. gen. n. maris, of the sea, marine; N.L. gen. n. lutimaris, of marine sediment.
Source: Environmental - marine.
Valid publication: KIM, K. H., JIN, H. M., JEONG, H. I. and JEON, C. O. 2016. Maribacter lutimaris sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 66, 1773-1778.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter maritimus Kang et al. 2018, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) HMF3635=KCTC 52399=NBRC 112671.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KX343048.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. maritimus, of the sea, referring to the marine environment.
Source: Environmental - marine.
Valid publication: KANG, H., CHA, I., KIM, H. and JOH, K. 2018. Maribacter maritimus sp. nov., isolated from seawater. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 68, 2431-2436.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter orientalis Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CCUG 48008 = KCTC 12967 = KMM 3947.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY271624.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. orientalis, of or belonging to the East, Eastern (bacterium inhabiting the East).
Valid publication: NEDASHKOVSKAYA (O.I.), KIM (S.B.), HAN (S.K.), LYSENKO (A.M.), ROHDE (M.), RHEE (M.S.), FROLOVA (G.M.), FALSEN (E.), MIKHAILOV (V.V.) and BAE (K.S.): Maribacter gen. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine habitats, containing the species Maribacter sedimenticola sp. nov., Maribacter aquivivus sp. nov., Maribacter orientalis sp. nov. and Maribacter ulvicola sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1017-1023.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter polysiphoniae Nedashkovskaya et al. 2007, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) KCTC 22021 = KMM 6151 = LMG 23671.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AM497875.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. polysiphoniae, of Polysiphonia, the generic name of the red alga Polysiphonia japonica, from which the type strain was isolated.
Valid publication: NEDASHKOVSKAYA (O.I.), VANCANNEYT (M.), DE VOS (P.), KIM (S.B.), LEE (M.S.) and MIKHAILOV (V.V.): Maribacter polysiphoniae sp. nov., isolated from a red alga. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 2840-2843.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter sedimenticola Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004, sp. nov. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CCUG 47098 = KCTC 12966 = KMM 3903.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY271623.
Etymology: L. neut. n. sedimentum, a settling, sediment; L. suffix -cola (from L. n. incola), dweller; N.L. masc. n. sedimenticola, sediment dweller.
Valid publication: NEDASHKOVSKAYA (O.I.), KIM (S.B.), HAN (S.K.), LYSENKO (A.M.), ROHDE (M.), RHEE (M.S.), FROLOVA (G.M.), FALSEN (E.), MIKHAILOV (V.V.) and BAE (K.S.): Maribacter gen. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine habitats, containing the species Maribacter sedimenticola sp. nov., Maribacter aquivivus sp. nov., Maribacter orientalis sp. nov. and Maribacter ulvicola sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1017-1023.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter spongiicola Jackson et al. 2015, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) W15M10=NCIMB 14725=DSM 25233.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: JX050191.
Etymology: L. fem. n. spongia, sponge; L. suff. -cola (from L. n. incola), inhabitant, dweller; N.L. n. spongiicola, sponge inhabitant.
Source: Animal.
Valid publication: JACKSON, S. A., KENNEDY, J., MORRISSEY, J. P., O'GARA, F. and DOBSON, A. D. W. 2015. Maribacter spongiicola sp. nov. and Maribacter vaceletii sp. nov., isolated from marine sponges, and emended description of the genus Maribacter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 2097-2103.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter stanieri Nedashkovskaya et al. 2010, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) KMM 6046 = KCTC 22023 = LMG 22581.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: EU246691.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. stanieri, of Stanier, named in honour of the famous Canadian microbiologist Roger Y. Stanier for his great contribution to development of marine microbiology and, especially, to the investigation of the taxonomy and ecology of Cytophaga-like bacteria, currently the phylum Bacteroidetes.
Valid publication: NEDASHKOVSKAYA (O.I.), KIM (S.B.) and MIKHAILOV (V.V.): Maribacter stanieri sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2010, 60, 214-218.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter thermophilus Hu et al. 2015, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) HT7-2=CGMCC 1.12207=JCM 18466.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: JQ988061.
Etymology: Gr. n. thermê, hot; N.L. adj. philus -a -um (from Gr. adj. philos -ê -on), friend, loving; N.L. masc. adj. thermophilus, heat-loving.
Source: Environmental - marine.
Valid publication: HU, J., YANG, Q.-Q., REN, Y., ZHANG, W.-W., ZHENG, G., SUN, C., PAN, J., ZHU, X.-F., ZHANG, X.-Q. and WU, M. 2015. Maribacter thermophilus sp. nov., isolated from an algal bloom in an intertidal zone, and emended description of the genus Maribacter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 36-41
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter ulvicola Nedashkovskaya et al. 2004, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) DSM 15366 = KCTC 12969 = KMM 3951.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY271626.
Etymology: N.L. fem. n. Ulva, generic name of green alga Ulva fenestrata; L. suffix -cola (from L. n. incola), dweller; N.L. n. ulvicola, a green alga (Ulva fenestrata) dweller.
Valid publication: NEDASHKOVSKAYA (O.I.), KIM (S.B.), HAN (S.K.), LYSENKO (A.M.), ROHDE (M.), RHEE (M.S.), FROLOVA (G.M.), FALSEN (E.), MIKHAILOV (V.V.) and BAE (K.S.): Maribacter gen. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine habitats, containing the species Maribacter sedimenticola sp. nov., Maribacter aquivivus sp. nov., Maribacter orientalis sp. nov. and Maribacter ulvicola sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1017-1023.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Maribacter vaceletii Jackson et al. 2015, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) W13M1A=NCIMB 14724=DSM 25230.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: JX050190.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. vaceletii, acknowledging the work of Jean Vacelet in the field of sponge-microbiology.
Source: Animal.
Valid publication: JACKSON, S. A., KENNEDY, J., MORRISSEY, J. P., O'GARA, F. and DOBSON, A. D. W. 2015. Maribacter spongiicola sp. nov. and Maribacter vaceletii sp. nov., isolated from marine sponges, and emended description of the genus Maribacter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 2097-2103.
Original article in IJSEM Online