Some problems with Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus zeae
In 1991, Dellaglio et al. [1] requested that ATCC 334be designated in place of ATCC 393(= JCM 1134 = NCIMB 11970) as the neotype of Lactobacillus casei and that Lactobacillus paracasei be rejected as a synonym of Lactobacillus casei, as the latter would be defined by the proposed neotype. The Judicial Commission concluded that there is not enough basis for concern about confusion leading to serious consequences in industrial microbiology to justify awarding an exception to the Rules and voted to deny the request [2].
References:
1 DELLAGLIO (F.), DICKS (L.M.T.), DU TOIT (M.) and TORRIANI (S.): Designation of ATCC 334in place of ATCC 393(NCDO 161) as the neotype strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and rejection of the name Lactobacillus paracasei (Collins et al., 1989). Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 340-342.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSEM Online
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In 1996, Dicks et al. proposed the strain ATCC 334as the neotype strain of Lactobacillus casei, and the rejection of the name Lactobacillus paracasei.
These proposals are in violation of Rules 18c and 56a. Replacement of a type strain, and rejection of a name are only a matter of the Judicial Commission. Therefore, these proposals were provisional and needed to be awarded by the Judicial Commission.
Reference: DICKS (L.M.T.), DU PLESSIS (E.M.), DELLAGLIO (F.) and LAUER (E.): Reclassification of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei ATCC 393and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 15820as Lactobacillus zeae nom. rev., designation of ATCC 334as the neotype of L. casei subsp. casei, and rejection of the name Lactobacillus paracasei. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 337-340.
Original article in IJSEM Online
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The proposal of Dicks et al. 1996, to replace strain ATCC 393with strain ATCC 334as the neotype strain of Lactobacillus casei is sustained by Mori et al. 1997 [1], by Chen et al. 2000 [2], and by the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and related organisms [3, 4].
References:
1 MORI (K.), YAMAZAKI (K.), ISHIYAMA (T.), KATSUMATA (M.), KOBAYASHI (K.), KAWAI (Y.), INOUE (N.) and SHINANO (H.): Comparative sequence analyses of the genes coding for 16S rRNA of Lactobacillus casei-related taxa. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 54-57.
Original article by Mori et al. 1997 in IJSEM Online
2 CHEN (H.), LIM (C.K.), LEE (Y.K.) and CHAN (Y.N.): Comparative analysis of the genes encoding 23S-5S rRNA intergenic spacer regions of Lactobacillus casei-related strains. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 471-478.
Original article by Chen et al. 2000 in IJSEM Online
3 BIAVATI (B.): International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of the Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and related organisms. Minutes of the meetings, 26 and 29 August 1996, Budapest, Hungary. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2001, 51, 257-258.
Original article by Biavati 2001 in IJSEM Online
4 KLEIN (G.): International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and related organisms. Minutes of the meetings, 22 and 23 September 1999, Veldhoven, The Netherlands. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2001, 51, 259-261.
Original article by Klein 2001 in IJSEM Online
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In 2002, on the base of considerable evidence, Dellaglio et al. conclude that ATCC 393is not a typical Lactobacillus casei strain. These authors request (i) that the strain ATCC 393be alloted to the species Lactobacillus zeae (ex Kuznetsov 1959) Dicks et al. 1996; (ii) that the strains of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al. 1989 be united into a single taxon, Lactobacillus casei; (iii) that the subspecies Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Abo-Elnaga and Kandler 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) and Lactobacillus casei subsp. tolerans Abo-Elnaga and Kandler 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) be maintained; and (iv) that the strain ATCC 334be the neotype strain of Lactobacillus casei.
Reference: DELLAGLIO (F.), FELIS (G.E.) and TORRIANI (S.): The status of the species Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Hansen and Lessel 1971 and Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al. 1989. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 285-287.
Original article in IJSEM Online
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At the meeting of the Judicial Commission in 2005 at the IUMS Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology Congress in San Francisco, the Judicial Commission of the International Committee for Systematics of Prokaryotes ruled the following:
1 The designation of ATCC 334, a strain of Lactobacillus paracasei, as the neotype of Lactobacillus casei contravenes Rules 51b (1) and (2).
2 Typification of Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Hansen and Lessel 1971 is based on ATCC 393.
3 The proposal to revive the name Lactobacillus zeae contravenes Rules 51b (1) and (2) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (the Code) because the strain ATCC 15820was shown to be in the same taxon as ATCC 393, the type of Lactobacillus casei.
4 The name Lactobacillus paracasei (and its included subspecies) has not been rejected by the Judicial Commission and is legitimate, validly published and may be used as a correct name. This confirms the deliberations (Wayne, 1994) that followed a previous Request for an Opinion (Dellaglio et al., 1991).
References:
1 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: The type strain of Lactobacillus casei is ATCC 393, ATCC 334cannot serve as the type because it represents a different taxon, the name Lactobacillus paracasei and its subspecies names are not rejected and the revival of the name 'Lactobacillus zeae' contravenes Rules 51b (1) and (2) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 82. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1764-1765.
Opinion 82 in IJSEM Online
2 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between January 1985 and July 1993. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 177-178.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Go the file Lactobacillus - Go to Lactobacillus casei - Go to Lactobacillus paracasei - Go to Lactobacillus zeae
