Genus Xanthomonas
Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (→) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).
Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 36
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 6
Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").
For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).
Xanthomonas Dowson 1939, genus. (Type genus of the order ¤ Xanthomonadales Saddler and Bradbury 2005; type genus of the family ¤ Xanthomonadaceae Saddler and Bradbury 2005).
Type species: ¤ Xanthomonas campestris (Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980).
Synonym: "Phytomonas" Bergey et al. 1923.
Etymology: Gr. adj. xanthos, yellow; L. fem. n. monas, unit, monad; N.L. fem. n. Xanthomonas, yellow monad.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: DOWSON (W.J.): On the systematic position and generic names of the gram negative bacterial plant pathogens. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie Parasitenkunde Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung II, 1939, 100, 177-193.
→ Xanthomonas Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. van den Mooter and Swings 1990.
Reference: VAN DEN MOOTER (M.) and SWINGS (J.): Numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 Xanthomonas strains and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 348-369.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Xanthomonas Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Vauterin et al. 1995.
Reference: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby 1929) Dowson 1943, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33915= CFBP 2523 = DSM 3583 = ICMP 196 = LMG 494 = NCPPB 2969.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95918.
Synonyms: "Bacterium albilineans" Ashby 1929, "Phytomonas albilineans" (Ashby 1929) Magrou 1937, "Agrobacterium albilineans" (Ashby 1929) Savulescu 1947, "Pseudomonas albilineans" (Ashby 1929) Krasil'nikov 1949, "Xanthomonas albilineans var. paspali" Orian 1962.
Etymology: L. adj. albus, white; L. part. adj. lineans, striping; N.L. part. adj. albilineans, white striping.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 ASHBY (S.F.): Gumming disease of sugar cane. Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad, 1929, 6, 135-138. 2 DOWSON (W.J.): On the generic names Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Bacterium for certain bacterial plant pathogens. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 1943, 26, 4-14.
→ Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby 1929) Dowson 1943 emend. van den Mooter and Swings 1990.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33915= CFBP 2523 = DSM 3583 = ICMP 196 = LMG 494 = NCPPB 2969.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95918.
Synonyms: "Bacterium albilineans" Ashby 1929, "Phytomonas albilineans" (Ashby 1929) Magrou 1937, "Agrobacterium albilineans" (Ashby 1929) Savulescu 1947, "Pseudomonas albilineans" (Ashby 1929) Krasil'nikov 1949, "Xanthomonas albilineans var. paspali" Orian 1962.
Etymology: L. adj. albus, white; L. part. adj. lineans, striping; N.L. part. adj. albilineans, white striping.
Reference: VAN DEN MOOTER (M.) and SWINGS (J.): Numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 Xanthomonas strains and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 348-369.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas alfalfae (ex Riker et al. 1935) Schaad et al. 2007, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ICPB 10701 = ATCC 11765= ICMP 15807 = LMG 495.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: DQ660896.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas alfalfae" (ex Riker et al. 1935) Dowson 1943.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. alfafae, of alfafa (Medicago sativa).
Valid publication: Validation List no. 115. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 893-897.
Effective publication: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 29, 690-695.
Validation List no. 115 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Xanthomonas alfalfae subsp. alfalfae (ex Riker et al. 1935) Schaad et al. 2007, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ICPB 10701 = ATCC 11765= LMG 495.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: DQ660896.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. alfafae, of alfafa (Medicago sativa).
Valid publication: Validation List no. 115. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 893-897.
Effective publication: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 29, 690-695.
Validation List no. 115 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Xanthomonas alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis Schaad et al. 2007, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ICPB 10483 = ATCC 49120= ICMP 15808 = LMG 9325.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: DQ660899.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. citrumelonis, of citrumelo (Citroncirus sp.; hybrid of Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata).
Valid publication: Validation List no. 115. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 893-897.
Effective publication: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 29, 690-695.
Validation List no. 115 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note: Xanthomonas alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis Schaad et al. 2007 was previously known as "Xanthomonas alfalfae subsp. citrumelo" (ex Riker et al., 1935) Schaad et al., subsp. nov., nom. rev.
Reference: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.H.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (ex Hasse 1915) Dye 1978 forms A, B/C/D, and E as X. smithii subsp. citri (ex Hasse) sp. nov. nom. rev. comb. nov., X. fuscans subsp. aurantifolii (ex Gabriel 1989) sp. nov. nom. rev. comb. nov., and X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelo (ex Riker and Jones) Gabriel et al., 1989 sp. nov. nom. rev. comb. nov.; X. campestris pv malvacearum (ex Smith 1901) Dye 1978 as X. smithii subsp. smithii nov. comb. nov. nom. nov.; X. campestris pv. alfalfae (ex Riker and Jones, 1935) Dye 1978 as X. alfalfae subsp. alfalfae (ex Riker et al., 1935) sp. nov. nom. rev.; and "var. fuscans" of X. campestris pv. phaseoli (ex Smith, 1987) Dye 1978 as X. fuscans subsp. fuscans sp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2005, 28, 494-518.
Original article Online
Xanthomonas ampelina Panagopoulos 1969, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33914= CNPB 1192 = CCUG 21976 = CFBP 1192 = CFBP 3674 = DSM 7250 = ICMP 8920 = LMG 5856 = LMG 5857 = LMG 5858 = LMG 5949 = NCPPB 2217 = PDDCC 4298.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ420330.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. ampelina, of the vine.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: PANAGOPOULOS (C.G.): The disease "Tsilik Marasi" of grapevine, its description and identification of the causal agent (Xanthomonas ampelina sp. nov.). Annales de l'Institut Phytopathologique Benaki NS, 1969, 9, 59-81.
→ ¤ Xylophilus ampelinus (Panagopoulos 1969) Willems et al. 1987, comb. nov.
Xanthomonas arboricola Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Juglandis = ATCC 49083= CFBP 2528 = ICMP 35 = LMG 747 = NCPPB 411.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10757.
Etymology: L. n. arbor -oris, a tree; L. suff. -cola (from L. n. incola), dweller; N.L. n. arboricola, tree dweller.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas axonopodis Starr and Garces 1950, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 19312= DSM 3585 = ICMP 50 = LMG 538 = LMG 982 = NCPPB 457.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95919.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas axonoperis" (sic) Starr and Garces 1950.
Etymology: N.L. n. Axonopus, generic name of a grass; N.L. gen. n. axonopodis, of Axonopus.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: STARR (M.P.) and GARCES (C.): El agente causante de la gomosis bacterial del pasto imperial en Colombia. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia (Medellin) Colombia, 1950, 12, 73-83.
→ Xanthomonas axonopodis Starr and Garces 1950 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. van den Mooter and Swings 1990.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 19312= DSM 3585 = ICMP 50 = LMG 538 = NCPPB 457.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95919.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas axonoperis" (sic) Starr and Garces 1950.
Etymology: N.L. n. Axonopus, generic name of a grass; N.L. gen. n. axonopodis, of Axonopus.
Reference: VAN DEN MOOTER (M.) and SWINGS (J.): Numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 Xanthomonas strains and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 348-369.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Xanthomonas axonopodis Starr and Garces 1950 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Vauterin et al. 1995.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 19312= DSM 3585 = ICMP 50 = LMG 538 = NCPPB 457.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95919.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas axonoperis" (sic) Starr and Garces 1950.
Etymology: N.L. n. Axonopus, generic name of a grass; N.L. gen. n. axonopodis, of Axonopus.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas bromi Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CFBP 1976 = ICMP 12545 = LMG 947.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10764.
Etymology: N.L. n. Bromus, generic name for the bromegrass; N.L. gen. n. bromi, of Bromus.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas campestris (Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939, species. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33913= CFBP 2350 = CIP 100069 = ICMP 13 = LMG 568 = NCPPB 528.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AE008922.
Synonyms: "Bacillus campestris" Pammel 1895, "Pseudomonas campestris" (Pammel 1895) Smith 1897, "Bacterium campestre" (Pammel 1895) Smith 1897, "Phytomonas campestris" (Pammel 1895) Bergey et al. 1923 (heterotypic synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris var. aberrans" Knösel 1961), "Xanthomonas campestris var. armoraceae" (McCulloch) Starr and Burkholder 1942.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. campestris, of or pertaining to a level field, even, flat; also the specific epithet of Brassica campestris, a host plant.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 PAMMEL (L.H.): Bacteriosis of rutabaga (Bacillus campestris n. sp.). Bulletin of the Iowa State College Agricultural Experiment Station, 1895, 27, 130-134. 2 DOWSON (W.J.): On the systematic position and generic names of the gram negative bacterial plant pathogens. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie Parasitenkunde Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung II, 1939, 100, 177-193.
→ Xanthomonas campestris (Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. van den Mooter and Swings 1990.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33913= CFBP 2350 = CIP 100069 = ICMP 13 = LMG 568 = NCPPB 528.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AE008922.
Synonyms: "Bacillus campestris" Pammel 1895, "Pseudomonas campestris" (Pammel 1895) Smith 1897, "Bacterium campestre" (Pammel 1895) Smith 1897, "Phytomonas campestris" (Pammel 1895) Bergey et al. 1923 (heterotypic synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris var. aberrans" Knösel 1961), "Xanthomonas campestris var. armoraceae" (McCulloch) Starr and Burkholder 1942.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. campestris, of or pertaining to a level field, even, flat; also the specific epithet of Brassica campestris, a host plant.
Reference: VAN DEN MOOTER (M.) and SWINGS (J.): Numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 Xanthomonas strains and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 348-369.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Xanthomonas campestris (Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Vauterin et al. 1995.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33913= CFBP 2350 = CIP 100069 = ICMP 13 = LMG 568 = NCPPB 528.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AE008922.
Synonyms: "Bacillus campestris" Pammel 1895, "Pseudomonas campestris" (Pammel 1895) Smith 1897, "Bacterium campestre" (Pammel 1895) Smith 1897, "Phytomonas campestris" (Pammel 1895) Bergey et al. 1923 (heterotypic synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris var. aberrans" Knösel 1961), "Xanthomonas campestris var. armoraceae" (McCulloch) Starr and Burkholder 1942.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. campestris, of or pertaining to a level field, even, flat; also the specific epithet of Brassica campestris, a host plant.
Reference: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas cassavae (ex Wiehe and Dowson 1953) Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ICMP 204 = LMG 673 = NCPPB 101.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10762.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas cassavae" Wiehe and Dowson 1953.
Other synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris pv. Cassavae" (Wiehe and Dowson 1953) Maraite and Weyns 1979.
Etymology: N.L. n. cassava, cassava (the flour made from Manihot esculenta); N.L. gen. n. cassavae, of cassava.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 3213 = ATCC 49118= ICMP 15804 = ICPB 10518 = LMG 9322.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: DQ660898.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas citri" (Hasse 1915) Dowson 1939.
Other synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris pv. Citri (A group)".
Etymology: L. gen. n. citri, of citrus.
Valid publication: GABRIEL (D.W.), KINGSLEY (M.T.), HUNTER (J.E.) and GOTTWALD (T.): Reinstatement of Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse) and X. phaseoli (ex Smith) to species and reclassification of all X. campestris pv. citri strains. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1989, 39, 14-22.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Notes:
1 Young et al. suggest that the descriptions presented by Gabriel et al. 1989 are insufficient for the purposes of formal classification in the genus Xanthomonas.
Reference: YOUNG (J.M.), BRADBURY (J.F.), GARDAN (L.), GVOZDYAK (R.I.), STEAD (D.E.), TAKIKAWA (Y.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Comment on the reinstatement of Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 and X. phaseoli (ex Smith 1897) Gabriel et al. 1989: indication of the need for minimal standards for the genus Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 172-177.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 The subcommittee on the taxonomy of Pseudomonas and related organisms rejects the proposal to reinstate Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 as species of the genus Xanthomonas.
Reference: ICSB, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS PSEUDOMONAS AND RELATED ORGANISMS: Minutes of the meetings, 17 and 20 September 1990, Osaka, Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 877-878.
Original article in IJSEM Online
3 Subsequently, this species has been divided into subspecies (see: below).
→ Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 emend. Schaad et al. 2006.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 3213 = ATCC 49118= ICMP 15804 = ICPB 10518 = LMG 9322.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: DQ660898.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas citri" (Hasse 1915) Dowson 1939.
Other synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris pv. Citri (A group)".
Etymology: L. gen. n. citri, of citrus.
References: List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion no. 6. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 1376. [SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 29, 690-695.]
List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion no. 6 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
→ Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 emend. Ah-You et al. 2009.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 3213 = ATCC 49118= ICMP 15804 = ICPB 10518 = LMG 9322.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: DQ660898.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas citri" (Hasse 1915) Dowson 1939.
Other synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris pv. Citri (A group)".
Etymology: L. gen. n. citri, of citrus.
Reference: AH-YOU (N.), GAGNEVIN (L.), GRIMONT (P.A.D.), BRISSE (S.), NESME (X.), CHIROLEU (F.), BUI THI NGOC (L.), JOUEN (E.), LEFEUVRE (P.), VERNIÈRE (C.) and PRUVOST (O.): Polyphasic characterization of xanthomonads pathogenic to members of the Anacardiaceae and their relatedness to species of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 306-318.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: According to Ah-You et al. 2009, Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 is an earlier heterotypic synonym of ¤ Xanthomonas fuscans Schaad et al. 2007.
Reference: AH-YOU (N.), GAGNEVIN (L.), GRIMONT (P.A.D.), BRISSE (S.), NESME (X.), CHIROLEU (F.), BUI THI NGOC (L.), JOUEN (E.), LEFEUVRE (P.), VERNIÈRE (C.) and PRUVOST (O.): Polyphasic characterization of xanthomonads pathogenic to members of the Anacardiaceae and their relatedness to species of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 306-318.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Gabriel et al. 1989) Schaad et al. 2007, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 3213 = ATCC 49118= ICMP 15804 = ICPB 10518 = LMG 9322.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: DQ660898.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. citri, of citrus.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 115. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 893-897.
Effective publication: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 29, 690-695.
Validation List no. 115 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note The original authorship, (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (ex Smith 1901) Schaad et al. 2007, subsp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ICPB 10528 = ATCC 9924= DSM 3849 = ICMP 217 = LMG 785 (see footnote 2).
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: FR749942 (type strain DSM 3849, clone 1), FR749943 (type strain DSM 3849, clone 2), FR749944 (type strain DSM 3849, clone 3).
Synonym: "Xanthomonas malvacearum" (Smith 1901) Dowson 1939.
Etymology: N.L. pl. gen. n. malvacearum, of Malvaceae (of malvaceous plants of the family Malvaceae).
Valid publication: Validation List no. 115. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 893-897.
Effective publication: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 29, 690-695.
Validation List no. 115 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Notes:
1 Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (ex Smith 1901) Schaad et al. 2007, subsp. nov., nom. rev. was previously known as "Xanthomonas smithii" Schaad et al., sp. nov.
Reference: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.H.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (ex Hasse 1915) Dye 1978 forms A, B/C/D, and E as X. smithii subsp. citri (ex Hasse) sp. nov. nom. rev. comb. nov., X. fuscans subsp. aurantifolii (ex Gabriel 1989) sp. nov. nom. rev. comb. nov., and X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelo (ex Riker and Jones) Gabriel et al., 1989 sp. nov. nom. rev. comb. nov.; X. campestris pv malvacearum (ex Smith 1901) Dye 1978 as X. smithii subsp. smithii nov. comb. nov. nom. nov.; X. campestris pv. alfalfae (ex Riker and Jones, 1935) Dye 1978 as X. alfalfae subsp. alfalfae (ex Riker et al., 1935) sp. nov. nom. rev.; and "var. fuscans" of X. campestris pv. phaseoli (ex Smith, 1987) Dye 1978 as X. fuscans subsp. fuscans sp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2005, 28, 494-518.
Original article Online
2 Schaad et al. 2007 designated LMG 785 as the type strain of the subspecies Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum. However, strain LMG 785 is a pathovar reference strain of "Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum" (Yirgou & Bradbury 1968) Dye 1978.
Reference: BCCM/LMG bacteria catalogue.
3 According to Schaad et al. 2006, the type strain ICPB 10528 (= ATCC 9924= ICMP 217 = LMG 785), although identical in pathogenicity, is different from strain ICMP 5739 = LMG 761 = NCPPB 633, indicated as the type strain for Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum).
Reference: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 29, 690-695.
Xanthomonas codiaei Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 700187= ICMP 9513 = LMG 8678.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10765.
Etymology: N.L. n. Codiaeum, generic name of croton; N.L. gen. n. codiaei, of Codiaeum.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas cucurbitae (ex Bryan 1926) Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CFBP 2542 = ICMP 2299 = LMG 690 = NCPPB 2597.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10760.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas cucurbitae" Bryan 1926.
Other synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris pv. Cucurbitae" (Bryan 1926) Dye 1978.
Etymology: L. fem. n. cucurbita, a gourd, and also a generic name of squash; N.L. gen. n. cucurbitae, of Cucurbita.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas cynarae Trébaol et al. 2000, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CFBP 4188 = CIP 106774 = ICMP 16775.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF208315.
Etymology: N.L. n. Cynara, genus name of artichoke; N.L. gen. n. cynarae, of Cynara (Cynara scolymus L.)
Reference: TRÉBAOL (G.), GARDAN (L.), MANCEAU (C.), TANGUY (J.L.), TIRILLY (Y.) and BOURY (S.): Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Xanthomonas cynarae sp. nov., a new species that causes bacterial bract spot of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 1471-1478.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: According to Young et al. 2008, Xanthomonas cynarae Trébaol et al. 2000 appears to be an earlier heterotypic synonym of ¤ Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Šutič1957) Jones et al. 2006.
Reference: YOUNG (J.M.), PARK (D.C.), SHEARMAN (H.M.) and FARGIER (E.): A multilocus sequence analysis of the genus Xanthomonas. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2008, 31, 366-377.
Original article Online
Xanthomonas dyei Young et al. 2010, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CFBP 7245 = ICMP 12167 = NCPPB 4446.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: not found.
Etymology: N.L. masc. gen. n. dyei, of Dye, named in honour of D.W. Dye (1921-2005), New Zealand bacterial plant pathologist and systematist, whose studies of the genus Xanthomonas (Dye, 1962) paved the way for the pathovar synthesis.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 133. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2010, 60, 1009-1010.
Effective publication: YOUNG (J.M.), WILKIE (J.P.), PARK (D.C.) and WATSON (D.R.W.): New Zealand strains of plant pathogenic bacteria classified by multi-locus sequence analysis; proposal of Xanthomonas dyei sp. nov. Plant Pathol., 2010, 59, 270-281.
Validation List no. 133 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Jones et al. 2006, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 11633= DSM 19128 = ICMP 98 = ICMP 109 = NCPPB 2968.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: FR733718.
Synonyms: "Bacterium vesicatorium" Doidge 1921.
Etymology: Gr. pref. eu-, well; L. fem. n. vesica, a blister; N.L. fem. adj. vesicatoria, causing a blister; N.L. fem. adj. euvesicatoria, intended to show that this bacterial species is most similar to the strains originally identified by E. M. Doidge 1921, which she designated Bacterium vesicatorium.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 109. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 925-927.
Effective publication: JONES (J.B.), LACY (G.H.), BOUZAR (H.), STALL (R.E.) and SCHAAD (N.W.): Reclassification of the xanthomonads associated with bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2004, 27, 755-762.
Validation List no. 109 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Notes:
1 The etymology has been provided on request for validation.
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation List no. 109 (footnote **). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 925-927.
Validation List no. 109 in IJSEM Online
2 In the effective publication Xanthomonas euvesicatoria is proposed as a sp. nov., sp. rev.
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation List no. 109 (footnote ††). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 925-927.
Validation List no. 109 in IJSEM Online
3 According to Young et al. 2008, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Jones et al. 2006 is probably an earlier heterotypic synonym of ¤ Xanthomonas perforans Jones et al. 2006.
Reference: YOUNG (J.M.), PARK (D.C.), SHEARMAN (H.M.) and FARGIER (E.): A multilocus sequence analysis of the genus Xanthomonas. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2008, 31, 366-377.
Original article Online
Xanthomonas floridensis Vicente et al. 2017, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) WHRI 8848=ATCC TSD-60=ICMP 21312=LMG 29665=NCPPB 4601.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KX518636.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: LXNG00000000.
Etymology: N.L. fem. adj. floridensis, from of or belonging to Florida, the state in the USA from which the strains were isolated.
Source: Plant pathogen.
Valid publication: VICENTE, J. G., ROTHWELL, S., HOLUB, E. B. and STUDHOLME, D. J. 2017. Pathogenic, phenotypic and molecular characterisation of Xanthomonas nasturtii sp. nov. and Xanthomonas floridensis sp. nov., new species of Xanthomonas associated with watercress production in Florida. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 67, 3645-3654.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy and King 1962, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33239= CFBP 2157 = CCUG 23372 = DSM 3587 = ICMP 5715 = LMG 708 = NCPPB 1469 = VKM B-2165.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95920.
Etymology: N.L. n. Fragaria, generic name of strawberry; N.L. gen. n. fragariae, of Fragaria.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: KENNEDY (B.W.) and KING (T.H.): Angular leaf spot of strawberry caused by Xanthomonas frageriae sp. nov. Phytopathology, 1962, 52, 873-875.
→ Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy and King 1962 emend. van den Mooter and Swings 1990.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 33239= CFBP 2157 = CCUG 23372 = DSM 3587 = ICMP 5715 = LMG 708 = NCPPB 1469 = VKM B-2165.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95920.
Etymology: N.L. n. Fragaria, generic name of strawberry; N.L. gen. n. fragariae, of Fragaria.
Reference: VAN DEN MOOTER (M.) and SWINGS (J.): Numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 Xanthomonas strains and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 348-369.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas fuscans Schaad et al. 2007, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ICPB 10520 = ATCC 19315= ICMP 239 = LMG 826=NCPPB 381.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: DQ660900.
Etymology: L. part. adj. fuscans, browning, darkening.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 115. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 893-897.
Effective publication: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 29, 690-695.
Validation List no. 115 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
→ ¤ Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989.
Note: According to Ah-You et al. 2009, Xanthomonas fuscans Schaad et al. 2007 is a later heterotypic synonym of ¤ Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989.
Reference: AH-YOU (N.), GAGNEVIN (L.), GRIMONT (P.A.D.), BRISSE (S.), NESME (X.), CHIROLEU (F.), BUI THI NGOC (L.), JOUEN (E.), LEFEUVRE (P.), VERNIÈRE (C.) and PRUVOST (O.): Polyphasic characterization of xanthomonads pathogenic to members of the Anacardiaceae and their relatedness to species of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 306-318.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii Schaad et al. 2007, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ICMP 15806 = ICPB 10470 = NCPPB 3236 = CFBP 2901.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: DQ660897.
Etymology: N.L. n. Aurantium, a genus of citrus plant; L. gen. n. folii, of or from a leaf; N.L. gen. n. aurantifolii, of or from a citrus leaf.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 115. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 893-897.
Effective publication: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 29, 690-695.
Validation List no. 115 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans Schaad et al. 2007, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ICPB 10520 = ATCC 19315= ICMP 239 = LMG 826 = NCPPB 381.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: DQ660900.
Etymology: L. part. adj. fuscans, browning, darkening.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 115. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 893-897.
Effective publication: SCHAAD (N.W.), POSTNIKOVA (E.), LACY (G.), SECHLER (A.), AGARKOVA (I.), STROMBERG (P.E.), STROMBERG (V.K.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 29, 690-695.
Validation List no. 115 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Šutič 1957) Jones et al. 2006, nom. rev., comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 19865= DSM 19127 = ICMP 16689 = NCPPB 881.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: FR749911.
Synonym: "Pseudomonas gardneri" Šutič 1957.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. gardneri, of Gardner, named after M. W. Gardner, an American plant pathologist.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 109. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 925-927.
Effective publication: JONES (J.B.), LACY (G.H.), BOUZAR (H.), STALL (R.E.) and SCHAAD (N.W.): Reclassification of the xanthomonads associated with bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2004, 27, 755-762.
Validation List no. 109 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Notes:
1 The etymology has been provided on request for validation.
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation List no. 109 (footnote §§). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 925-927.
Validation List no. 109 in IJSEM Online
2 In the effective publication Xanthomonas gardneri is proposed as a sp. nov.
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation List no. 109 (footnote ||||). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 925-927.
Validation List no. 109 in IJSEM Online
3 According to Young et al. 2008, Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Šutič 1957) Jones et al. 2006 appears to be a later heterotypic synonym of ¤ Xanthomonas cynarae Trébaol et al. 2000.
Reference: YOUNG (J.M.), PARK (D.C.), SHEARMAN (H.M.) and FARGIER (E.): A multilocus sequence analysis of the genus Xanthomonas. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2008, 31, 366-377.
Original article Online
Xanthomonas hortorum Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Xanthomonas hortorum pv. Hederae = ICMP 453 = LMG 733 = NCPPB 939.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10759.
Etymology: L. gen. pl. n. hortorum, of gardens.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas hyacinthi (ex Wakker 1883) Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 19314= CFBP 1156 = ICMP 189 = LMG 739 = NCPPB 599.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10754.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas hyacinthi" Wakker 1883.
Other synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris pv. Hyacinthi" (Wakker 1883) Dye 1978.
Etymology: N.L n. Hyacinthus (from Gr. n. huakinthos, wild hyacinth, bluebell), a generic name; N.L. gen. n. hyacinthi, of Hyacinthus.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas maliensis Triplett et al. 2015, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) M97=CFBP 7942=LMG 27592.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KF992843.
Whole-genome sequence accession no. for the type strain: AQPR00000000.
Etymology: N.L. fem. adj. maliensis, of Mali, because the first strains characterized were isolated in the nation of Mali in West Africa.
Source: Plant.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 164. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65 (2015), 2017-2025.
Validation List Online
Effective publication: Triplett, L.R., Verdier, V., Campillo, T., ., Van Malderghem, C., Cleenwerck, I., Maes, M., Deblais, L., Corral, R., Koita, O., other authors, 2015. Characterization of a novel clade of Xanthomonas isolated from rice leaves in Mali and proposal of Xanthomonas maliensis sp. nov. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 107, 869-881.
Effective publication Online
Xanthomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) Swings et al. 1983, comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Stanier 67 = Hugh 810-2 = RH 1168 = AS 1.1788 = ATCC 13637= CCUG 5866 = CFBP 3035 = CCM 1640 = BCRC (formerly CCRC) 10737 = CIP 60.77 = DSM 50170 = IAM 12423 = ICMP 17033 = IFO (now NBRC) 14161 = IMET 10402 = JCM 1975 = LMG 958 = NCAIM B.01119 = NCCB 68018 = NCIMB 9203 = NCPPB 1974 = NCTC 10257 = NRC 729 = NRRL B-2756 = VKM B-591.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AB294553.
Basonym: ¤ Pseudomonas maltophilia (ex Hugh and Ryschenkow 1961) Hugh 1981.
Other synonym: "Pseudomonas maltophilia" Hugh and Ryschenkow 1961.
Etymology: N.L. n. maltum, malt; Gr. n. philia, friendship; N.L. n. maltophilia, intended to mean friend of malt.
Valid publication: SWINGS (J.), DE VOS (P.), VAN Den MOOTER (M.) and DE LEY (J.): Transfer of Pseudomonas maltophilia Hugh 1981 to the genus Xanthomonas as Xanthomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 409-413.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ Xanthomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) Swings et al. 1983 emend. van den Mooter and Swings 1990.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Stanier 67 = Hugh 810-2 = RH 1168 = AS 1.1788 = ATCC 13637= CCUG 559 B = CCUG 5866 = CFBP 3035 = CCM 1640 = BCRC (formerly CCRC) 10737 = CIP 60.77 = DSM 50170 = IAM 12423 = IFO (now NBRC) 14161 = IMET 10402 = JCM 1975 = LMG 958 = NCAIM B.01119 = NCCB 68018 = NCIMB 9203 = NCPPB 1974 = NCTC 10257 = NRC 729 = NRRL B-2756 = VKM B-591.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AB294553.
Basonym: ¤ Pseudomonas maltophilia (ex Hugh and Ryschenkow 1961) Hugh 1981.
Other synonym: "Pseudomonas maltophilia" Hugh and Ryschenkow 1961.
Etymology: N.L. n. maltum, malt; Gr. n. philia, friendship; N.L. n. maltophilia, intended to mean friend of malt.
Reference: VAN DEN MOOTER (M.) and SWINGS (J.): Numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 Xanthomonas strains and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 348-369.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: Xanthomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) Swings et al. 1983, ¤ Pseudomonas hibiscicola Moniz 1963 (Approved Lists 1980) and ¤ Pseudomonas beteli corrig. (Ragunathan 1928) Savulescu 1947 (Approved Lists 1980) are heterotypic synonyms. Pseudomonas hibiscicola and Pseudomonas beteli corrig. are misnamed and should be transferred in the genus Xanthomonas Dowson 1939 (Approved Lists 1980). According to the Bacteriological Code (1990 revision) Xanthomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas hibiscicola should be renamed Xanthomonas beteli because beteli is the oldest specific epithet. The authors do not feel however the need to formally propose nomenclatural changes.
Reference: VAN DEN MOOTER (M.) and SWINGS (J.): Numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 Xanthomonas strain and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 348-369.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) Palleroni and Bradbury 1993, comb. nov.
Xanthomonas melonis Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ICMP 8682 = LMG 8670 = NCPPB 3434.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10756.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris pv. Melonis" Neto et al. 1984.
Etymology: L. n. melo (abbreviation of melopepo), melon; L. gen. n. melonis, of melon.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas nasturtii Vicente et al. 2017, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) WHRI 8853=ATCC TSD-61=ICMP 21313=LMG 29666=NCPPB 4600.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: KX518637.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: LYMI00000000.
Etymology: N.L. gen. neut. n. nasturtii, of Nasturtium from the genus name of watercress, Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
Source: Plant pathogen.
Valid publication: VICENTE, J. G., ROTHWELL, S., HOLUB, E. B. and STUDHOLME, D. J. 2017. Pathogenic, phenotypic and molecular characterisation of Xanthomonas nasturtii sp. nov. and Xanthomonas floridensis sp. nov., new species of Xanthomonas associated with watercress production in Florida. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 67, 3645-3654.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas oryzae (ex Ishiyama 1922) Swings et al. 1990, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Dye YK9 = Rao X08 = ATCC 35933= CFBP 2532 = ICMP 3125 = LMG 5047 = NCCPPB 3002 = PDDCC 3125.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95921.
Synonyms: "Pseudomonas oryzae" Uyeda and Ishiyama in Ishiyama 1926, "Xanthomonas oryzae" (Uyeda and Ishiyama 1926) Dowson 1943.
Etymology: L. gen. n. oryzae, of rice (of Oryza).
Valid publication: SWINGS (J.), VAN DEN MOOTER (M.), VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), GILLIS (M.), MEW (T.W.) and KERSTERS (K.): Reclassification of the causal agents of bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae) and bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola) of rice as pathovars of Xanthomonas oryzae (ex Ishiyama 1922) sp. nov., nom. rev. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 309-311.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: This species includes Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (= Xanthomonas campestris pv. Oryza (Ishiyama 1922) Dye 1978) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola (= Xanthomonas campestris pv. Oryzicola (Fang et al. 1957) Dye 1978).
→ Xanthomonas oryzae (ex Ishiyama 1922) Swings et al. 1990 emend. van den Mooter and Swings 1990.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Dye YK9 = Rao X08 = ATCC 35933= CFBP 2532 = ICMP 3125 = LMG 5047 = NCCPPB 3002 = PDDCC 3125.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95921.
Synonyms: "Pseudomonas oryzae" Uyeda and Ishiyama in Ishiyama 1926, "Xanthomonas oryzae" (Uyeda and Ishiyama 1926) Dowson 1943.
Etymology: L. gen. n. oryzae, of rice (of Oryza).
Reference: VAN DEN MOOTER (M.) and SWINGS (J.): Numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 Xanthomonas strains and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 348-369.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas perforans Jones et al. 2006, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) XV938 = ATCC BAA-983 = DSM 18975 = ICMP 16690 = NCPPB 4321.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: FR749910.
Etymology: L. part. adj. perforans, perforating, referring to the holes in the leaf following infection by the bacterium.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 109. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 925-927.
Effective publication: JONES (J.B.), LACY (G.H.), BOUZAR (H.), STALL (R.E.) and SCHAAD (N.W.): Reclassification of the xanthomonads associated with bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2004, 27, 755-762.
Validation List no. 109 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Notes:
1 The specific epithet perforans is a "L. part. adj.", not a "L. noun" as cited in the paper by Jones et al. 2006.
2 According to Young et al. 2008, Xanthomonas perforans Jones et al. 2006 is probably a later heterotypic synonym of ¤ Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Jones et al. 2006.
Reference: YOUNG (J.M.), PARK (D.C.), SHEARMAN (H.M.) and FARGIER (E.): A multilocus sequence analysis of the genus Xanthomonas. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2008, 31, 366-377.
Original article Online
Xanthomonas phaseoli (ex Smith 1897) Gabriel et al. 1989, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) G27 = ATCC 49119.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: GU993265.
Synonyms: "Bacillus phaseoli" Smith 1897, Xanthomonas phaseoli (Smith 1897) Dowson 1939.
Etymology: L. n. phaseolus, a kind of bean with an edible pod, and also the generic name of the bean (Phaseolus); L. gen. n. phaseoli, of Phaseolus.
Valid publication: GABRIEL (D.W.), KINGSLEY (M.T.), HUNTER (J.E.) and GOTTWALD (T.): Reinstatement of Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse) and X. phaseoli (ex Smith) to species and reclassification of all X. campestris pv. citri strains. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1989, 39, 14-22.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Notes:
1 Young et al. suggest that the descriptions presented by Gabriel et al. 1989 are insufficient for the purposes of formal classification in the genus Xanthomonas.
Reference: YOUNG (J.M.), BRADBURY (J.F.), GARDAN (L.), GVOZDYAK (R.I.), STEAD (D.E.), TAKIKAWA (Y.) and VIDAVER (A.K.): Comment on the reinstatement of Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 and X. phaseoli (ex Smith 1897) Gabriel et al. 1989: indication of the need for minimal standards for the genus Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 172-177.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 The subcommittee on the taxonomy of Pseudomonas and related organisms rejects the proposal to reinstate Xanthomonas phaseoli (ex Smith 1897) Gabriel et al. 1989 as species of the genus Xanthomonas.
Reference: ICSB, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS PSEUDOMONAS AND RELATED ORGANISMS: Minutes of the meetings, 17 and 20 September 1990, Osaka, Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 877-878.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas pisi (ex Goto and Okabe 1958) Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 35936= ICMP 570 = LMG 847 = NCPPB 762.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10758.
Synonyms: "Xanthomonas pisi" Goto and Okabe 1958, "Xanthomonas campestris pv. Pisi" (Goto and Okabe 1958) Dye 1978.
Etymology: L. n. pisum, the pea, and also the generic name of peas (Pisum); L. gen. n. pisi, of Pisum.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas populi (ex Ridé 1958) van den Mooter and Swings 1990, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 51165= CFBP 1817 = ICMP 5816 = LMG 5743 = NCPPB 2959.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95922.
Synonyms: "Aplanobacter populi" Ridé 1958, "Xanthomonas populi" (Ridé 1958) Ridé and Ridé 1978.
Etymology: L. n. populus, poplar-tree, and also the generic name of the poplar-tree; L. gen. n. populi, of Populus.
Valid publication: VAN DEN MOOTER (M.) and SWINGS (J.): Numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 Xanthomonas strains and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 348-369.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas populi (ex Ridé 1958) Ridé and Ridé 1992, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 51165= CFBP 1817 = ICMP 5816 = LMG 5743 = NCPPB 2959.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X95922.
Synonym: "Aplanobacter populi" Ridé 1958, "Xanthomonas populi" (Ridé 1958) Ridé and Ridé 1978.
Etymology: L. n. populus, poplar-tree, and also the generic name of the poplar-tree; L. gen. n. populi, of Populus.
Valid publication: RIDÉ (M.) and RIDÉ (S.): Xanthomonas populi (ex Ridé 1958) sp. nov., nom. rev. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 652-653.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: Xanthomonas populi (ex Ridé 1958) van den Mooter and Swings 1990 has priority [Rule 24b(2)].
Xanthomonas prunicola Lopez et al. 2018, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CFBP 8353=CECT 9404=IVIA 3287.1.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: MG523312.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: PHKV00000000.
Etymology: L. masc. or fem. suff. -cola, from L. n. incola), an inhabitant; N.L. fem. n. prunicola, an inhabitant of Prunus persica.
Source: Plant pathogen.
Valid publication: LOPEZ, M. M., LOPEZ-SORIANO, P., GARITA-CAMBRONERO, J., BELTRAN, C., TAGHOUTI, G., PORTIER, P., CUBERO, J., FISCHER-LE SAUX, M. and MARCO-NOALES, E. 2018. Xanthomonas prunicola sp. nov., a novel pathogen that affects nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectarina) trees. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 68, 1857-1866.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas sacchari Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CFBP 4641 = ICMP 16916 = LMG 471.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10766.
Etymology: L. gen. n. sacchari, of/from sugar.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas theicola Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 700184= ICMP 6774 = LMG 8684.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10763.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris pv. Theicola" Uehara et al. 1980.
Etymology: N.L. n. Thea, the generic name for tea; L. suff. -cola (from L. n. incola), dweller; N.L. n. theicola, tea-dweller.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas translucens (ex Jones et al. 1917) Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Xanthomonas translucens pv. Translucens LMG 876 = ATCC 19319= ICMP 5752 = CFBP 2054 = NCPPB 973.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X99299.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas translucens" Jones et al. 1917.
Etymology: L. part. adj. translucens, being translucent.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas vasicola Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Xanthomonas vasicola pv. Holcicola LMG 736 = CFBP 2543 = ICMP 3103 = NCPPB 2417.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10755.
Etymology: L. neut. n. vas, a vessel and, in biology, a duct or vessel as in a vascular bundle; L. suff. -cola (from L. n. incola), dweller; N.L. n. vasicola, vessel-dweller, living in vascular bundles.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Xanthomonas vesicatoria (ex Doidge 1920) Vauterin et al. 1995, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 35937= CFBP 2537 = ICMP 63 = LMG 911 = NCPPB 422.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: Y10761.
Synonym: "Xanthomonas vesicatoria" Doidge 1920.
Other synonym: "Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria" (Doidge 1920) Dye 1978.
Etymology: L. n. vesica, the bladder, a bladder-like tumor, a blister; N.L. fem. adj. vesicatoria, causing a blister.
Valid publication: VAUTERIN (L.), HOSTE (B.), KERSTERS (K.) and SWINGS (J.): Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 472-489.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: Xanthomonas vesicatoria (ex Doidge 1920) Vauterin et al. 1995 includes the strains of the former taxon Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria type B.