Name: Borrelia Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: Bor.re’li.a. N.L. fem. n. Borrelia, named after A. Borrel, a French bacteriologist

Gender, pronunciation: feminine (stem: Borreli-), bor-RE-li-a

Type species: Borrelia anserina (Sakharoff 1891) Bergey et al. 1925 (Approved Lists 1980)

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Swellengrebel NH. Sur la cytologie comparée des spirochètes et des spirilles. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 1907; 21:562-586.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 2

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Borreliella Adeolu and Gupta 2015	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Emendations:
  • Adeolu and Gupta 2014 Adeolu M, Gupta RS. A phylogenomic and molecular marker based proposal for the division of the genus Borrelia into two genera: the emended genus Borrelia containing only the members of the relapsing fever Borrelia, and the genus Borreliella gen. nov. containing the members of the Lyme disease Borrelia (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 105:1049-1072. Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 21. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:7-10.
    Notes:
    • ⊖ Emendation accompanied by the removal of 11 species from the genus.
  • Margos et al. 2018 Margos G, Gofton A, Wibberg D, Dangel A, Marosevic D, Loh SM, Oskam C, Fingerle V. The genus Borrelia reloaded. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208432. Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 30. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1850-1851.

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Borreliaceae Gupta et al. 2014. Publication: Gupta RS, Mahmood S, Adeolu M. Erratum: A phylogenomic and molecular signature based approach for characterization of the Phylum Spirochaetes and its major clades: proposal for a taxonomic revision of the phylum. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:322.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the order Borreliales Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0.
  • 🧕 Breed et al. (1948) assigned this genus to the family Treponemataceae Robinson 1948 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Robinson GH. Family II. Treponemataceae Schaudinn. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Hitchens AP (eds), Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1948, p. 1051-1058.
  • 🧕 Breed et al. (1957) assigned this genus to the family Treponemataceae Robinson 1948 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Parker CD. Genus V. Thiobacillus Beijerinck 1904. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 83-88.
  • 🧕 Chuvochina et al. (2023) assigned this genus to the order Borreliales Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0.
  • 🧕 Krieg et al. (2010) assigned this genus to the family Spirochaetaceae Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • 🧒 Margos et al. (2025) assigned the subgenus "Borreliella" (Adeolu and Gupta 2015) Margos et al. 2025 to this genus. Publication: Margos G, Stevenson B, Birtles R, Gofton A, Talagrand-Reboul E, Goeker M, Fingerle V. Proposing a subgenus Borreliella. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2025; 16:102536.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Sakharoff MN. Spirochaeta anserina et la septicémie des oies. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 1891; 5:564-566.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Barrelia"; "Boirelia"; "Bonelia"; "Bonrelia"; "Boreelia"; "Borielia"; "Bornelia"; "Borrclia"; "Borrefia"; "Borreha"; "Borrehia"; "Borreila"; "Borrela"; "Borrelio"; "Borreliu"; "Borrella"; "Borrellia"; "Borrelta"; "Borrelu"; "Borrelua"; "Borrolia"; "Borrplia"; "Borrrelia"; "Bortelia"; "Borvelia"; "Botrelia"; "Bovvelia"; "Bowelia"; "Burralia"; "Burrelia"; "Horrelia"; "Jorrelia"; "Korrelia"; "Rolrelia"; "Rorrelia".
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Stevenson B, Margos G. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes subcommittee on the taxonomy of Borrelia: minutes of the second meeting. Online meeting, 9 January 2025. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2025; 75:6873.
  • 💁 Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of Guener et al. (2004), Le Fleche et al. (1997), Margos et al. (2020), Rudenko et al. (2011). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 20; ATCC: 17; CIP: 10; JCM: 8; B: 1.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2". — The risk group for France has been imported on 2024-08-30. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Sweden has been imported on 2024-02-05. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for Taiwan has been imported on 2024-11-03. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "P650 = v". — The risk group for United Kingdom has been imported on 2024-01-31. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🧍 Pittman et al. (1991) suggested the abbreviation "BRRL" for this genus name but this does not appear to be of practical relevance any longer. Publication: Pittman KF, Walczak CA, Lock CM. Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:571-579.
  • 🧍 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Stevenson B, Margos G. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes subcommittee on the taxonomy of Borrelia: minutes of the second meeting. Online meeting, 9 January 2025. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2025; 75:6873.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 43
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 44
Total number of child taxa: 85

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    "Candidatus Borrelia africana" Ehounoud et al. 2016	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Borrelia afzelii Canica et al. 1994	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia algerica" Fotso Fotso et al. 2015	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia aligera" Norte et al. 2020	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Borrelia amblyommatis" corrig. Jiang et al. 2021	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Borrelia americana Rudenko et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia andersonii" Marconi et al. 1995	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Borrelia anserina (Sakharoff 1891) Bergey et al. 1925 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Borrelia babylonensis" (Brumpt 1939) Davis 1957	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia baltazardi (ex Karimi et al. 1979) Karimi et al. 1983	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    "Borrelia baltazardi" Karimi et al. 1979	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Borrelia baltazardii corrig. (ex Karimi et al. 1979) Karimi et al. 1983	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia bavariensis Margos et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia bissettiae Margos et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Borrelia bissettii" Postic et al. 1998	not validly published	synonym
    Borrelia brasiliensis Davis 1952 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Borrelia bruyhogii" Hauduroy et al. 1953	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson et al. 1984	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia caatinga" Oliveira et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia californiensis Margos et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia carolinensis Rudenko et al. 2011	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia caucasica (Kandelaki 1945) Davis 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Borrelia chilensis" Ivanova et al. 2014	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia coriaceae Johnson et al. 1987	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia crocidurae (Leger 1917) Davis 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Borrelia dipodilli" (Heisch 1950) Davis 1957	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia dugesii (Mazzotti 1949) Davis 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia duttoni (Novy and Knapp 1906) Bergey et al. 1925 (Approved Lists 1980)	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Borrelia duttonii corrig. (Novy and Knapp 1906) Bergey et al. 1925 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia fainii" Qiu et al. 2019	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia finlandensis" Casjens et al. 2011	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Borrelia garinii Baranton et al. 1992	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia graingeri (Heisch 1953) Davis 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia harveyi (Garnham 1947) Davis 1948 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia hermsii (Davis 1942) Steinhaus 1946 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia hispanica (de Buen 1926) Steinhaus 1946 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia ibitipocensis" corrig. Muñoz-Leal et al. 2020	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia ibitipoquensis" Muñoz-Leal et al. 2020	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    "Candidatus Borrelia ivorensis" Ehounoud et al. 2016	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Borrelia japonica Kawabata et al. 1994	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia javanense" Jiang et al. 2021	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    "Candidatus Borrelia johnsonii" Schwan et al. 2009	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia kalaharica" Fingerle et al. 2016	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Borrelia kurtenbachii Margos et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia lanei Margos et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia latyschewii (Sofiev 1941) Davis 1948 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia lonestari" Cutler et al. 2017	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Borrelia lonestari" Barbour et al. 1996	not validly published	synonym
    Borrelia lusitaniae Le Fleche et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia mahuryensis" Binetruy et al. 2020	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Borrelia maritima Margos et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia mayonii Pritt et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia mazzottii Davis 1956 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia mimona" Weck et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia miyamotoi Fukunaga et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia mvumii" Cutler et al. 2017	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia mvumii" Mitani et al. 2004	not validly published	synonym
    Borrelia nietonii Schwan et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Candidatus Borrelia octodonta" Santodomingo et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia parkeri (Davis 1942) Steinhaus 1946 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia paulista" Weck et al. 2022	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia persica (Dschunkowsky 1913) Steinhaus 1946 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Borrelia puertoricensis" Bermudez et al. 2021	not validly published	preferred name
    "Borrelia queenslandica" Carley and Pope 1962	not validly published	synonym
    "Candidatus Borrelia queenslandica" Cutler et al. 2017	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Borrelia recurrentis (Lebert 1874) Bergey et al. 1925 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia rubricentralis" Gofton et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    "Candidatus Borrelia sibirica" Sabitova et al. 2022	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia sinica Masuzawa et al. 2001	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Borrelia spielmani" Richter et al. 2004	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia spielmanii Richter et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia tachyglossi" Loh et al. 2017	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Borrelia tanukii Fukunaga et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia texasensis" Lin et al. 2005	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Borrelia theileri (Laveran 1903) Bergey et al. 1925 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia tillae Zumpt and Organ 1961 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia turcica Güner et al. 2004	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia turdae Fukunaga et al. 1997	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Borrelia turdi corrig. Fukunaga et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia turicatae (Brumpt 1933) Steinhaus 1946 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Borrelia undatumii" Gofton et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia valaisiana Wang et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Borrelia venezuelensis (Brumpt 1921) Brumpt 1922 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Borrelia yangtze" Chu et al. 2008	not validly published	preferred name
    Borrelia yangtzensis Margos et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Borreliaceae Gupta et al. 2014

Assigned by: Gupta RS, Mahmood S, Adeolu M. Erratum: A phylogenomic and molecular signature based approach for characterization of the Phylum Spirochaetes and its major clades: proposal for a taxonomic revision of the phylum. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:322.

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Record number: 515251