Name: Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Order

Proposed as: ord. nov.

Etymology: N.L. fem. n. Spirochaeta, type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff. -ales, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Spirochaetales, the Spirochaeta order

Gender: feminine

Type genus: Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835 (Approved Lists 1980)

Effective publication: Buchanan RE. Studies in the Nomenclature and Classification of the Bacteria: II. The Primary Subdivisions of the Schizomycetes. J Bacteriol 1917; 2:155-164.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

• Emendations:
  • Gupta et al. 2013 Gupta RS, Mahmood S, Adeolu M. A phylogenomic and molecular signature based approach for characterization of the phylum Spirochaetes and its major clades: proposal for a taxonomic revision of the phylum. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:217. Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 19. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:8-10.
    Notes:
    • Emendation accompanied by the inclusion of 2 families in the order.
  • Hördt et al. 2020 Hordt A, Lopez MG, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Schleuning M, Weinhold LM, Tindall BJ, Gronow S, Kyrpides NC, Woyke T, Goker M. Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:468. Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 32. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4061-4090.
    Notes:
    • Emendation accompanied by the inclusion of 1 family in the order.

• Notes:
  • Nomenclatural type of the class "Spirochaetia" Cavalier-Smith 2020. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE. Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria). Protoplasma 2020; 257:621-753.
  • Nomenclatural type of the class Spirochaetia Paster 2020. Publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563.
  • Nomenclatural type of the class Spirochaetes Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76.
  • Nomenclatural type of the phylum "Spirochaetae" Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76.
  • Breed et al. (1944) assigned this order to the class Schizomycetes Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Breed RS, Murray EG, Hitchens AP. THE OUTLINE CLASSIFICATION USED IN THE BERGEY MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY. Bacteriol Rev 1944; 8:255-260.
  • Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned this order to the class Spirochaetes Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the family Leptospiraceae Hovind-Hougen 1979 (Approved Lists 1980) to this order. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the family "Serpulinaceae" to this order. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the family Brevinemataceae Paster 2012 to this order. Publication: Paster BJ. Family III. Brevinemataceae fam. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 545.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the family Brachyspiraceae Paster 2012 to this order. Publication: Paster BJ. Family II. Brachyspiraceae. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 531.
  • Wier et al. (2000) assigned the family "Pillotineaceae" to this order. Publication: Wier A, Ashen J, Margulis L. Canaleparolina darwiniensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., and other pillotinaceous spirochetes from insects. Int Microbiol 2000; 3:213-223.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Exilispira Imachi et al. 2008 to this order. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • This taxon name is occasionally misprinted in some sources as: "Sphirochaetales"; "Spirachaecales"; "Spirclchaetales"; "Spirocbaetales"; "Spirochaefales"; "Spirochaeiales"; "Spirochaelales"; "Spirochaerales"; "Spirochcetales"; "Spirochctales"; "Spirocherales"; "Spirochnetales"; "Spirochsetales"; "Spirochuetales"; "Spirocliactales".
  • The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 110; ATCC: 83; JCM: 39; KCTC: 11; VKM: 6; NCTC: 5; NBRC: 5; CCUG: 2; RCC: 1; LMG: 1.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 5
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 5
Total number of child taxa: 6

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Borreliaceae Gupta et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Breznakiellaceae Brune et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Sphaerochaetaceae Hördt et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Spirochaetaceae Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Termitinemataceae" Song et al. 2021	not validly published
    Treponemataceae Robinson 1948 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Spirochaetia Paster 2020

Assigned by: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563.

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Record number: 5028