Name: Spirochaetia Paster 2020

Category: Class

Proposed as: class. nov.

Etymology: Spi.ro.chae’ti.a. N.L. fem. n. Spirochaeta, type genus of the type order Spirochaetales; L. neut. pl. n. suff. -ia, ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n. Spirochaetia, the class of Spirochaetales

Pronunciation, gender: spi-ro-K^HA͡E-ti-a, neuter

Type genus: Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835 (Approved Lists 1980)

Effective publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, et al. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563. 🇺🇸

IJSEM list: Oren A, Garrity GM. Validation list no. 195. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4844-4847.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Leptospiria" Cavalier-Smith 2020	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
    Brachyspiria Chuvochina et al. 2024	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Leptospiria Chuvochina et al. 2024	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Brevinematia Chuvochina et al. 2024	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    "Spirochaetia" Cavalier-Smith 2020	homotypic synonym, not validly published
    Spirochaetes Cavalier-Smith 2002	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, rejected name

• Notes:
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith and Chao (2020) assigned this class to the phylum "Spirochaetae" (Ehrenberg 1855) Cavalier-Smith 1998. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE. Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria). Protoplasma 2020; 257:621-753. 🇬🇧
  • 🧕 Krieg et al. (2010) assigned this class to the phylum "Spirochaetes" Garrity and Holt 2001. Publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, et al. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563. 🇺🇸
  • 🧒 Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the family Leptospiraceae Hovind-Hougen 1979 (Approved Lists 1980) to this class. Publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, et al. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563. 🇺🇸
  • 🧒 Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the family Spirochaetaceae Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980) to this class. Publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, et al. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563. 🇺🇸
  • 🧒 Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the family Brevinemataceae Paster 2012 to this class. Publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, et al. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563. 🇺🇸
  • 🧒 Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the family Brachyspiraceae Paster 2012 to this class. Publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, et al. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563. 🇺🇸
  • 🧒 Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835 (Approved Lists 1980) to this class. Publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, et al. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563. 🇺🇸
  • 🧒 Podosokorskaya et al. (2025) assigned the order Winmispirales Podosokorskaya et al. 2025 to this class. Publication: Podosokorskaya OA, Maltseva AI, Elcheninov AG, Novikov AA, Zayulina KS, Merkel AY. Novel thermophilic hydrolytic bacterium Rarispira pelagica gen. nov., sp. nov., reclassification of Spirochaeta thermophila as Winmispira thermophila gen. nov., comb. nov., and proposal of Winmispiraceae fam. nov. and Winmispirales ord. nov. in the class Spirochaetia. Syst Appl Microbiol 2025; 48:126604. 🇷🇺
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Spirochaeia".
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 184; ATCC: 134; CIP: 85; KIT: 53; JCM: 50; NCTC: 14; KCTC: 12; B: 10; CCUG: 8; VKM: 8.
  • 🧍 Nomenclatural type changed from Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) based on new Rule 22. Publication: Oren A. Emendation of Rules 8, 15, 22, 25a, 30(3)(b), 30(4), 34a, and Appendix 7 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:6070. 🇮🇱

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 4
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 9
Total number of child taxa: 14

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Borreliales Chuvochina et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Brachyspirales" corrig. Gupta et al. 2013	not validly published	synonym
    Brachyspirales Gupta et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Brachyspiriales" Gupta et al. 2013	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Brevinematales Gupta et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Leptospirales" corrig. Gupta et al. 2013	not validly published	synonym
    Leptospirales Gupta et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Leptospiriales" Gupta et al. 2013	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Sphaerochaetales Chuvochina et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    [Spirochaetia, not assigned to order]	artificial parent node of taxa incertae sedis
    Treponematales Chuvochina et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Turneriellales Chuvochina et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Winmispirales Podosokorskaya et al. 2025	validly published under the ICNP	synonym

Parent taxon: Spirochaetota Garrity and Holt 2021

Assigned by: Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:5056. 🇮🇱

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Record number: 13791