Genus Fusobacterium
Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (→) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).
Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 21
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 7
Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").
For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).
Fusobacterium Knorr 1922, genus. (Type genus of the order ¤ Fusobacteriales Staley and Whitman 2012; type genus of the family ¤ Fusobacteriaceae Staley and Whitman 2012).
Type species: ¤ Fusobacterium nucleatum Knorr 1922 (Approved Lists 1980).
Etymology: L. n. fusus, a spindle; L. neut. n. bacterium, a small rod; N.L. neut. n. Fusobacterium, a small spindle-shaped rod.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: KNORR (M.): Über die fusospirillare Symbiose, die Gattung Fusobacterium (K.B. Lehmann) und Spirillum sputigenum. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Bakteriologie der Mundhöhle. II. Mitteilung. Die Gattung Fusobacterium. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung I, 1922, 89, 4-22.
Fusobacterium alocis Cato et al. 1985, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 35896= CCUG 47790 = VPI D40B-5.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: CP002390 (complete genome).
Etymology: Gr. n. alox -okos, a furrow; N.L. gen. n. alocis, of a furrow, referring to its isolation from a crevice of the gums.
Valid publication: CATO (E.P.), MOORE (L.V.H.) and MOORE (W.E.C.): Fusobacterium alocis sp. nov. and Fusobacterium sulci sp. nov. from the human gingival sulcus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1985, 35, 475-477.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Filifactor alocis (Cato et al. 1985) Jalava and Eerola 1999, comb. nov.
Fusobacterium canifelinum Conrads et al. 2004, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) RMA 1036 = ATCC BAA-689 = CCUG 49733 = DSM 15542 = JCM 17464.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY162221.
Etymology: L. gen. pl. n. canum, of dogs; L. neut. adj. felinum, of or belonging to a cat; N.L. neut. adj. canifelinum, of dogs and cats.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 100. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1909-1910.
Effective publication: CONRADS (G.), CITRON (D.M.), MUTTERS (R.) JANG (S.) and GOLDSTEIN (E.J.C.): Fusobacterium canifelinum sp. nov., from the oral cavity of cats and dogs. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2004, 27, 407-413.
Validation List no. 100 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Notes:
1 In the effective publication the type strain ATCC BAA-689 is cited as ATCC BAA 689 (sic).
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation List no. 100 (footnote ‡). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1909-1910.
Validation List no. 100 in IJSEM Online
2 In the effective publication, the etymology is erroneously cited as L. gen. pl. n. canium (sic), of dogs; L. gen. pl. n. felium, of cats; N.L. nom. sg. n. (sic), canifelinum, of dogs and cats.
Fusobacterium equinum Dorsch et al. 2001, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) JCM 11174 = NCTC 13176 = VPB 4027.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ295750.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. equinum, of or belonging to horses.
Valid publication: DORSCH (M.), LOVE (D.N.) and BAILEY (G.D.): Fusobacterium equinum sp. nov., from the oral cavity of horses. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 1959-1963.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Fusobacterium gastrosuis De et al. 2017, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CDW1= DSM 101753 = LMG 29236.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: LN906797.
Whole-genome sequence accession no.: LT607734.
Etymology: Gr. n. gaster, gastros, stomach; L. n. sus, suis, a pig; L. gen. n. gastrosuis, from the stomach of a pig.
Source: Animal.
Valid publication: VALIDATION LIST no. 174. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 67 (2017), 529-531.
Validation List Online
Effective publication: DE WITTE, C., FLAHOU, B., DUCATELLE, R., SMET, A., DE BRUYNE, E., CNOCKAERT, M., TAMINIAU, B., DAUBE, G., VANDAMME, P. and HAESEBROUCK, F. 2017. Detection, isolation and characterization of Fusobacterium gastrosuis sp. nov. colonizing the stomach of pigs. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 40, 42-50.
Effective publication Online
Fusobacterium gonidiaformans (Tunnicliff and Jackson 1925) Moore and Holdeman 1970, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 25563= CCUG 16790.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X55410.
Synonyms: "Bacillus gonidiaformans" Tunnicliff and Jackson 1925, "Actinomyces gonidiaformis" (Tunnicliff and Jackson 1925) Bergey et al. 1930, "Sphaerophorus gonidiaformans" (Tunnicliff and Jackson 1925) Prévot 1938, "Pseudobacterium gonidiaformans" (Tunnicliff and Jackson 1925) Krasil'nikov 1949.
Etymology: Gr. n. gonê, offspring, seed, organs of generation; N.L. n. gonidium, gonidium; N.L. pl. n. gonidia, gonidia; L. part. adj. formans, forming; N.L. part. adj. gonidiaformans, gonidia forming.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 TUNNICLIFF (R.) and JACKSON (L.): Bacillus gonidiaformans (n. sp.). An hitherto undescribed organism. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1925, 36, 430-438. 2 MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Fusobacterium. In: E.P. CATO, C.S. CUMMINS, L.V. HOLDEMAN, J.L. JOHNSON, W.E.C. MOORE, R.M. SMIBERT and L.D.S. SMITH (editors): Outline of Clinical Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology, 2nd revision, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Anaerobe Laboratory, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1970.
Fusobacterium mortiferum (Harris 1901) Moore and Holdeman 1970, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 25557= CCUG 14475.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ867032.
Synonyms: "Bacillus mortiferus" Harris 1901, "Bacillus necroticus" Nativelle 1936 in Weinberg et al. 1937, "Bacteroides freundii" Hauduroy et al. 1937, "Spherophorus mortiferus" (sic) (Harris 1901) Prévot 1938, "Spherophorus freundi" (sic) (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Prévot 1938, "Spherophorus necroticus" (Nativelle 1936) Prévot 1938, "Spherophorus ridiculosus" (sic) Prévot 1948, "Pseudobacterium mortiferum" (Harris 1901) Krasi'nikov 1949, "Pseudobacterium freundii" (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Krasil'nikov 1949, "Pseudobacterium necroticum" (Nativelle 1936) Krasil'nikov 1949, "Fusubacterium ridiculosum" (Prévot 1948) Moore and Holdeman 1969.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. mortiferum, death-bringing, death bearing.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 HARRIS (N.M.): Bacillus mortiferus (nov. spec.). Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1901, 6, 519-547. 2 MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Fusobacterium. In: E.P. CATO, C.S. CUMMINS, L.V. HOLDEMAN, J.L. JOHNSON, W.E.C. MOORE, R.M. SMIBERT and L.D.S. SMITH (editors): Outline of Clinical Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology, 2nd revision, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Anaerobe Laboratory, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1970.
→ Fusobacterium mortiferum (Harris 1901) Moore and Holdeman 1970 emend. De Witte et al. 2017.
Reference: DE WITTE, C., FLAHOU, B., DUCATELLE, R., SMET, A., DE BRUYNE, E., CNOCKAERT, M., TAMINIAU, B., DAUBE, G., VANDAMME, P. and HAESEBROUCK, F. 2017. Detection, isolation and characterization of Fusobacterium gastrosuis sp. nov. colonizing the stomach of pigs. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 40, 42-50.
Original article.
Note: According to De Witte et al. (2017), Clostridium rectum is a junior heterotypic synonym of Fusobacterium mortiferum.
Reference: DE WITTE, C., FLAHOU, B., DUCATELLE, R., SMET, A., DE BRUYNE, E., CNOCKAERT, M., TAMINIAU, B., DAUBE, G., VANDAMME, P. and HAESEBROUCK, F. 2017. Detection, isolation and characterization of Fusobacterium gastrosuis sp. nov. colonizing the stomach of pigs. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 40, 42-50.
Original article
Fusobacterium naviforme (Jungano 1909) Moore and Holdeman 1970, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 25832= CCUG 50052 = NCTC 13121.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ006965.
Synonyms: "Bacillus naviformis" Jungano 1909, "Ristella naviformis" (Jungano 1909) Prévot 1938, "Pseudobacterium naviformis" (sic) (Jungano 1909) Krasil'nikov 1949.
Etymology: L. n. navis, ship; L. neut. suff. forme, in shape of; N.L. neut. adj. naviforme, in the shape of a ship.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 JUNGANO (M.): Sur la flore anaérobie du rat. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie (Paris), 1909, 66, 122-124. 2 MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Fusobacterium. In: E.P. CATO, C.S. CUMMINS, L.V. HOLDEMAN, J.L. JOHNSON, W.E.C. MOORE, R.M. SMIBERT and L.D.S. SMITH (editors): Outline of Clinical Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology, 2nd revision, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Anaerobe Laboratory, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1970.
Fusobacterium necrogenes (Weinberg et al. 1937) Moore and Holdeman 1970, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 25556= CCUG 4949 = NCTC 10723.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ867034.
Synonyms: "Bacillus necrogenes" Weinberg et al. 1937, "Spherophorus necrogenes" (sic) (Weinberg et al. 1937) Prévot 1938, "Proactinomyces gedanensis var. necrogenes" Krasil'nikov 1949, "Pseudobacterium necrogenes" (Weinberg et al. 1937) Krasil'nikov 1949.
Etymology: Gr. n. nekros, the dead; N.L. suff. -genes (from Gr. v. gennaô to produce) producing; N.L. adj. necrogenes, dead producing, here necrosis producing.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 WEINBERG (M.), NATIVELLE (R.) and PRÉVOT (A.R.): Les Microbes Anaérobies, Masson et Cie, Paris, 1937, pp. 1-1186. 2 MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Fusobacterium. In: E.P. CATO, C.S. CUMMINS, L.V. HOLDEMAN, J.L. JOHNSON, W.E.C. MOORE, R.M. SMIBERT and L.D.S. SMITH (editors): Outline of Clinical Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology, 2nd revision, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Anaerobe Laboratory, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1970.
Fusobacterium necrophorum (Flügge 1886) Moore and Holdeman 1969, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 25286= CCUG 9994 = CIP 104559 = JCM 3718 = VPI 2891.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ867039.
Synonyms: "Bacillus necrophorus" Flügge 1886, "Bacillus necroseos" (sic) Jensen 1897, "Streptothrix necrophorus" (Flügge 1886) Kitt 1899, "Actinomyces necrophorus" (Flügge 1886) Lehmann and Neumann 1899, "Corynebacterium necrophorum" (Flügge 1886) Lehmann and Neumann 1907, "Bacterium necrophorum" (Flügge 1886) Lehmann and Neumann 1927, "Acinomyces pseudonecrophorus" Harris and Brown 1927, "Fusiformis necrophorus" (Flügge 1886) Topley and Wilson 1929, "Streptothrix necuphtora" (sic) (Flügge 1886) Bergey et al. 1930, "Bacillus necrosus" (sic) (Jensen 1897) Weinberg et al. 1937, "Sphaerophorus necrophorus" (Flügge 1886) Prévot 1938, "Sphaerophorus pseudonecrophorus" (Harris and Brown 1927) Prévot 1940, "Proactinomyces necrophorus" (Flügge 1886) Krasil'nikov 1941, "Necrobacterium necrophorus" (sic) (Flügge 1886) Lahelle and Thjøtta 1945, "Fusiformis hemolyticus" (sic) Beerens and Gaumont 1953, "Bacteroides necrophorus" (Flügge 1886) Beerens and Tahon-Castel 1965.
Etymology: Gr. n. nekros, the dead; Gr. v. phoreô, to bear; N.L. neut. adj. necrophorum, dead producing, here necrosis producing.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 FLÜGGE (C.) (ed.): Die Mikroorganismen. F.C.W. Vogel, Leipzig, 1886, pp. 1-692. 2 MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Anaerobic gram-negative non-sporeforming rods. In: E.P. CATO, C.S. CUMMINS, L.V. HOLDEMAN, J.L. JOHNSON, W.E.C. MOORE, R.M. SMIBERT and L.D.S. SMITH (editors): Outline of Clinical Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology, 1st revision, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Anaerobe Laboratory, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1969, pp. 1-107.
Note: Subsequently, this species has been divided into subspecies (see: below).
Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme (ex Hallé 1898) Shinjo et al. 1991, nom. rev., comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Fn524 = ATCC 51357= CCUG 42162 = CIP 104859 = DSM 19678 = JCM 3724.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AB525413.
Synonym: "Sphaerophorus funduliformis" Hallé 1898.
Etymology: L. n. fundulus, akind of sausage; L. neut. suff. forme, in shape of; N.L. neut. adj. funduliforme, sausage shaped.
Valid publication: SHINJO (T.), FUJISAWA (T.) and MITSUOKA (T.): Proposal of two subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum (Flügge) Moore and Holdeman: Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum subsp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Flügge 1886), and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme subsp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Hallé 1898). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 395-397.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme (ex Hallé 1898) Shinjo et al. 1991 was previously known as Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar B.
Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (Flügge 1886) Shinjo et al. 1991, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 25286= CCUG 9994 = CIP 104559 = JCM 3718 = VPI 2891.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ867039.
Etymology: Gr. n. nekros, the dead; Gr. v. phoreô, to bear; N.L. neut. adj. necrophorum, dead producing, here necrosis producing.
Valid publication: SHINJO (T.), FUJISAWA (T.) and MITSUOKA (T.): Proposal of two subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum (Flügge) Moore and Holdeman: Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum subsp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Flügge 1886), and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme subsp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Hallé 1898). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 395-397.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Notes:
1 The original authorship, (Flügge 1886) Moore and Holdeman 1969, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 The subspecies name Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (Flügge 1886) Shinjo et al. 1991 is automatically created by the valid publication of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme (ex Hallé 1898) Shinjo et al. 1991 [Rule 40d (formerly Rule 46)].
3 Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (Flügge 1886) Shinjo et al. 1991 was previously known as Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar A.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Knorr 1922, species. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 25586= CCUG 32989 = CCUG 33059 = CIP 101130 = JCM 8532 = LMG 13131.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AE009951.
Synonyms: "Bacillus fusiformis" Veillon and Zuber 1898, "Corynebacterium fusiforme" (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Lehmann and Neumann 1907, "Fusiformis nucleatus" (Knorr 1922) Bergey et al. 1930, "Fusiformis fusiformis" (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Topley and Wilson 1936, "Sphaerophorus fusiformis" (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Sebald 1962, not "Fusobacterium plauti-vincenti" Knorr 1922, not "Fusobacterium fusiforme" (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hoffman 1957.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. nucleatum, having a kernel or stone, intended to mean nucleated.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: KNORR (M.): Über die fusospirillare Symbiose, die Gattung Fusobacterium (K.B. Lehmann) und Spirillum sputigenum. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Bakteriologie der Mundhöhle. II. Mitteilung Die Gattung Fusobacterium. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung I, 1922, 89, 4-22.
Notes:
1 Subsequently, this species has been divided into subspecies (see: below).
2 During the meeting, 29 July 2002, Paris, the members of the "Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Gram-negative anaerobic rods" were of the opinion that the subspecies of Fusobacterium nucleatum, which have been questioned periodically, are valid and have now been confirmed by sequencing of the spacer region of the 16S-23S rDNA.
Reference: OLSEN (I.) and SHAH (H.N.): International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Gram-negative anaerobic rods. Minutes of the meeting, 29 July 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 923-924.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis Gharbia and Shah 1992, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 51191= CCUG 32879 = CIP 104879 = JCM 11025 = NCTC 12276.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X55404.
Etymology: L. n. animal -alis, an animal; L. gen. n. animalis, of an animal.
Valid publication: GHARBIA (S.E.) and SHAH (H.N.): Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. fusiforme subsp. nov. and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis subsp. nov. as additional subspecies within Fusobacterium nucleatum. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 296-298.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. fusiforme (ex Veillon and Zuber 1898) Gharbia and Shah 1992, nom. rev., comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 51190= CCUG 32880 = CIP 104878 = JCM 11024 = NCTC 11326.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X55403.
Synonym: "Sphaerophorus fusiformis" (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Sebald 1962.
Etymology: L. n. fusus, a spindle; L. neut. suff. forme, in shape of; N.L. neut. adj. fusiforme, spindle shaped.
Valid publication: GHARBIA (S.E.) and SHAH (H.N.): Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. fusiforme subsp. nov. and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis subsp. nov. as additional subspecies within Fusobacterium nucleatum. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 296-298.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum (Knorr 1922) Dzink et al. 1990, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 25586= CCUG 32989 = CCUG 33059 = CIP 101130 = JCM 8532 = LMG 13131.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AE009951.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. nucleatum, having a kernel or stone, intended to mean nucleated.
Valid publication: DZINK (J.L.), SHEENAN (M.T.) and SOCRANSKY (S.S.): Proposal of three subspecies of Fusobacterium nucleatum Knorr 1922: Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum subsp. nov., comb. nov.; Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov.; and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 74-78.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Notes:
1 The original authorship, Knorr 1922, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 The subspecies name Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum (Knorr 1922) Dzink et al. 1990 is automatically created by the valid publication of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum (ex Knorr 1922) Dzink 1990, and the valid publication of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii (ex Knorr 1922) Dzink 1990 [Rule 40d (formerly Rule 46)].
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum (ex Knorr 1922) Dzink et al. 1990, nom. rev., comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 10953= CCUG 9126 = DSM 20482 = JCM 12990 = NCTC 10562.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF287812.
Synonym: "Fusobacterium polymorphum" Knorr 1922.
Etymology: N.L. neut. adj. polymorphum (from Gr. adj. polumorphos -on), multiform, polymorphic.
Valid publication: DZINK (J.A.L.), SHEENAN (M.T.) and SOCRANSKY (S.S.): Proposal of three subspecies of Fusobacterium nucleatum Knorr 1922: Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum subsp. nov., comb. nov.; Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov.; and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 74-78.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii Dzink et al. 1990, subsp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 49256= CCUG 37843 = CIP 104988 = JCM 11023.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AABF01000111.
Synonym: "Fusobacterium plauti-vincentii" Knorr 1922.
Etymology: N.L. masc. gen. n. vincentii, of Vincent, referring to H. Vincent who studied the organism originally isolated from Vincent’s angina and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.
Valid publication: DZINK (J.A.L.), SHEENAN (M.T.) and SOCRANSKY (S.S.): Proposal of three subspecies of Fusobacterium nucleatum Knorr 1922: Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum subsp. nov., comb. nov.; Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov.; and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 74-78.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Fusobacterium perfoetens (Tissier 1905) Moore and Holdeman 1973, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 29250.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: M58684.
Synonyms: "Cocco-Bacillus anaerobius perfoetens" (sic) Tissier 1900, "Coccobacillus perfoetens" Tissier 1905, "Bacterium perfoetens" (Tissier 1905) Weinberg et al. 1937, "Bacteroides perfoetens" (Tissier 1905) Hauduroy et al. 1937, "Ristella perfoetens" (Tissier 1905) Prévot 1938, "Pseudobacterium perfoetens" (Tissier 1905) Krasil'nikov 1949, "Sphaerophorus perfoetens" (Tissier 1905) Sebald 1962.
Etymology: L. prep. per, exceedingly, very much, very; L. part. adj. foetens, stinking; N.L. part. adj. perfoetens, very stinking.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 TISSIER (H.): Répartition des microbes dans l'intestion du nourrisson. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris), 1905, 19, 109-123. 2 MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): New names and combinations in the genera Bacteroides Castellani and Chalmers, Fusobacterium Knorr, Eubacterium Prévot, Propionibacterium Delwiche, and Lactobacillus Orla-Jensen. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1973, 23, 69-74.
Fusobacterium periodonticum Slots et al. 1984, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) EK1-15 = ATCC 33693= CCUG 14345 = JCM 12991.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X55405.
Etymology: Gr. prep. peri, around; Gr. n. odous -ontos, tooth; L. neut. suff. -icum, suffix used with the sense of pertaining to; N.L. neutr. adj. periodonticum, pertaining to periodonte.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 14. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 270-271.
Effective publication: SLOTS (J.), POTTS (T.V.) and MASHIMO (P.A.): Fusobacterium periodonticum, a new species from the human oral cavity. J. Dent. Res., 1983, 62, 960-963.
Validation List no. 14 in IJSEM Online
Fusobacterium plautii corrig. Séguin 1928, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Prévot S1 = ATCC 29863= CCUG 28093 = DSM 4000 = VPI 0310.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY724678.
Synonyms: "Bacille de Plaut, Kritchevsky and Séguin 1921", "Bacillus plauti" (sic) Séguin 1928, "Fusocillus plauti" (sic) (Séguin 1928) Prévot 1938, "Zuberella plauti" (sic) (Séguin 1928) Sebald 1962.
Etymology: N.L. masc. gen. n. plautii, of Plaut; named for H.C. Plaut, the bacteriologist who first described this organism.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: SÉGUIN (P.): Culture du Fusobacterium plauti forme mobile du bacille fusiforme. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie (Paris), 1928, 99, 439-442.
Note: The original spelling of the specific epithet, plauti (sic), has been corrected by Hofstad and Aasjord 1982.
Reference: HOFSTAD (T.) and AASJORD (P.): Eubacterium plautii (Séguin 1928) comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 346-349.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Eubacterium plautii (Séguin 1928) Hofstad and Aasjord 1982, comb. nov.
→ ¤ Flavonifractor plautii (Séguin 1928) Carlier et al. 2010.
Fusobacterium polysaccharolyticum van Gylswyk 1981, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) B = ATCC 33142.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X77839.
Etymology: Gr. adj. polu, many; Gr. n. sakchâr, sugar; N.L. neut. adj. lyticum (from Gr. neut. adj. lutikon), able to loosen, able to dissolve; N.L. neut. adj. polysaccharolyticum, degrading several polysaccharides.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 7. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1981, 31, 382-383.
Effective publication: VAN GYLSWYK (N.O.): Fusobacterium polysaccharolyticum sp. nov., a gram-negative rod from the rumen that produces butyrate and ferments cellulose and starch. J. Gen. Microbiol., 1980, 116, 157-163.
Validation List no. 7 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
→ ¤ Clostridium polysaccharolyticum (van Gylswyk 1981) van Gylswyk et al. 1983, comb. nov.
Fusobacterium prausnitzii (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Moore and Holdeman 1970, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 27768= NCIMB 13872.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ413954.
Synonyms: "Bacillus mucosus anaerobius" Prausnitz 1922, "Bacteroides praussnitzii" (sic) Hauduroy et al. 1937.
Etymology: N.L. masc. gen. n. prausnitzii, of Prausnitz; named for C. Prausnitz, the bacteriologist who first isolated this organism.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 HAUDUROY (P.), EHRINGER (G.), URBAIN (A.), GUILLOT (G.) and MAGROU (J.) (editors): Dictionnaire des bactéries pathogènes, Masson et Cie, Paris, 1937, pp. 1-597. 2 MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Fusobacterium. In: E.P. CATO, C.S. CUMMINS, L.V. HOLDEMAN, J.L. JOHNSON, W.E.C. MOORE, R.M. SMIBERT and L.D.S. SMITH (editors): Outline of Clinical Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology, 2nd revision, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Anaerobe Laboratory, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1970.
Note: Fusobacterium prausnitzii (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Moore and Holdeman 1970 (Approved Lists 1980) is not a member of the genus Fusobacterium Knorr 1922 (Approved Lists 1980) [1, 2] but is closer to some Eubacterium species and is located between Clostridium "clusters III and IV" defined by Collins et al. [3].
References:
1 WANG (R.F.), CAO (W.W.) and CERNIGLIA (C.E.): Phylogenetic analysis of Fusobacterium prausnitzii based upon the 16S rRNA gene sequence and PCR confirmation. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 341-343.
Original article by Wang et al. 1996 in IJSEM Online
2 ZELLNER (G.), STACKEBRANDT (E.), NAGEL (D.), MESSNER (P.), WEISS (N.) and WINTER (J.): Anaerofilum pentosovorans gen. nov., sp. nov., and Anaerofilum agile sp. nov., two new, strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, acidogenic, bacteria from anaerobic bioreactors. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 871-875.
Original article by Zellner et al. 1996 in IJSEM Online
3. COLLINS (M.D.), LAWSON (P.A.), WILLEMS (A.), CORDOBA (J.J.), FERNANDEZ-GARAYZABAL (J.), GARCIA (P.), CAI (J.), HIPPE (H.) and FARROW (J.A.E.): The phylogeny of the genus Clostridium: proposal of five new genera and eleven new species combinations. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 812-826.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Duncan et al. 2002, comb. nov.
Fusobacterium pseudonecrophorum (ex Harris and Brown 1927) Shinjo et al. 1990, nom. rev., comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Fn521 = ATCC 51644= JCM 3722.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AB595132.
Synonyms: "Actinomyces pseudo-necro-phorus" Harris and Brown 1927, "Sphaerophorus pseudonecrophorus" (Harris and Brown 1927) Prévot 1940.
Etymology: Gr. adj. pseudês, false; N.L. neut. adj. necrophorum, a specific epithet of a bacterial species; N.L. neut. adj. pseudonecrophorum, the false (Fusobacterium) necrophorum.
Valid publication: SHINJO (T.), HIRAIWA (K.) and MIYAZATO (S.): Recognition of biovar C of Fusobacterium necrophorum (Flügge) Moore and Holdeman as Fusobacterium pseudonecrophorum sp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Prévot 1940). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 71-73.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: Fusobacterium pseudonecrophorum (ex Harris and Brown 1927) Shinjo et al. 1990 was previously known as Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar C.
→ ¤ Fusobacterium varium (Eggerth and Gagnon 1933) Moore and Holdeman 1969 (Approved Lists 1980).
Note: According to Bailey and Love, Fusobacterium pseudonecrophorum (ex Harris and Brown 1927) Shinjo et al. 1990 is a later heterotypic synonym of ¤ Fusobacterium varium (Eggerth and Gagnon 1933) Moore and Holdeman 1969 (Approved Lists 1980).
Reference: BAILEY (G.D.) and LOVE (D.N.): Fusobacterium pseudonecrophorum is a synonym for Fusobacterium varium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 819-821.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Fusobacterium russii (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Moore and Holdeman 1970, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 25533.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: M58681.
Synonyms: "Influenzabacillenähnliches anaërobes Stäbchen" Russ 1905, "Bacteroides russii" Hauduroy et al. 1937.
Etymology: N.L. masc. gen. n. russii, of Russ, named after V. Russ, the bacteriologist who first cultured this organism.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 HAUDUROY (P.), EHRINGER (G.), URBAIN (A.), GUILLOT (G.) and MAGROU (J.) (editors): Dictionnaire des bactéries pathogènes, Masson et Cie, Paris, 1937, pp. 1-597. 2 MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Fusobacterium. In: E.P. CATO, C.S. CUMMINS, L.V. HOLDEMAN, J.L. JOHNSON, W.E.C. MOORE, R.M. SMIBERT and L.D.S. SMITH (editors): Outline of Clinical Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology, 2nd revision, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Anaerobe Laboratory, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1970.
Fusobacterium simiae Slots and Potts 1982, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 7511 R2-13 = ATCC 33568= CCUG 16798 = JCM 17465.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: M58685.
Etymology: L. gen. n. simiae, of/from an ape, of/from a monkey.
Valid publication: SLOTS (J.) and POTTS (T.V.): Fusobacterium simiae, a new species from monkey dental plaque. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 191-194.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Fusobacterium sulci Cato et al. 1985, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 35585= CCUG 20560 = VPI D45A-29A.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ006963.
Etymology: L. gen. n. sulci, of a furrow, referring to its habitat, the human gingival sulcus.
Valid publication: CATO (E.P.), MOORE (L.V.H.) and MOORE (W.E.C.): Fusobacterium alocis sp. nov. and Fusobacterium sulci sp. nov. from the human gingival sulcus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1985, 35, 475-477.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Eubacterium sulci (Cato et al. 1985) Jalava and Eerola 1999, comb. nov.
Fusobacterium ulcerans Adriaans and Shah 1988, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 49185= CCUG 50053 = NCTC 12111.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X55412.
Etymology: L. part. adj. ulcerans, making sore, causing to ulcerate.
Valid publication: ADRIAANS (B.) and SHAH (H.): Fusobacterium ulcerans sp. nov. from tropical ulcers. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1988, 38, 447-448.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Fusobacterium varium (Eggerth and Gagnon 1933) Moore and Holdeman 1969, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 8501= CCUG 4858 = JCM 6320 = NCTC 10560.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ867036.
Synonyms: "Bacteroides varius" Eggerth and Gagnon 1933, "Sphaerophorus varius" (Eggerth and Gagnon 1933) Prévot 1938, "Pseudobacterium varium" (Eggerth and Gagnon 1933) Krasil'nikov 1949, "Sphaerophorus varius var. sulfitoreductans" Sebald. 1962.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. varium, diverse, different.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 EGGERTH (A.H.) and GAGNON (B.H.): The bacteroides of human feces. Journal of Bacteriology, 1933, 25, 389-413. 2 MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Anaerobic gram-negative non-sporeforming rods. In: E.P. CATO, C.S. CUMMINS, L.V. HOLDEMAN, J.L. JOHNSON, W.E.C. MOORE, R.M. SMIBERT and L.D.S. SMITH (editors): Outline of Clinical Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology, 1st revision, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Anaerobe Laboratory, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1969, pp. 1-107.
Note: According to Bailey et Love 1993, Fusobacterium varium (Eggerth and Gagnon 1933) Moore and Holdeman 1969 (Approved Lists 1980) is an earlier synonym of ¤ Fusobacterium pseudonecrophorum (ex Harris and Brown 1927) Shinjo et al. 1990.
Reference: BAILEY (G.D.) and LOVE (D.N.): Fusobacterium pseudonecrophorum is a synonym for Fusobacterium varium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 819-821.
Original article in IJSEM Online