Name: Gammaproteobacteria Garrity et al. 2005

Category: Class

Proposed as: class. nov.

Etymology: Gr. neut. n. gamma, name of the third letter of Greek alphabet; Gr. masc. n. Prôteus, Greek god of the sea, capable of assuming many different shapes; N.L. neut. pl. n. bacteria, plural of bacterium; N.L. neut. pl. n. Gammaproteobacteria, a class of bacteria included in the phylum Proteobacteria and having 16S rRNA gene sequences related to those of the members of the order Pseudomonadales (not formed from a genus name)

Gender: neuter

Type order: Pseudomonadales Orla-Jensen 1921 (Approved Lists 1980)

Effective publication: Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Class III. Gammaproteobacteria class. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 1.

IJSEM list: Euzeby JP. Validation list no. 106. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:2235-2238.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Chromatiia" Cavalier-Smith 2020	heterotypic synonym, not validly published

• Emendations:
  • Williams and Kelly 2013 Williams KP, Kelly DP. Proposal for a new class within the phylum Proteobacteria, Acidithiobacillia classis nov., with the type order Acidithiobacillales, and emended description of the class Gammaproteobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:2901-2906. Oren A, Garrity GM. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 63, part 8 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:3935-3936.
    Notes:
    • Emendation accompanied by the removal of 1 order from the class.

• Notes:
  • Brenner et al. (2005) assigned this class to the phylum "Proteobacteria" Gray and Herwig 1996. Publication: Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Class III. Gammaproteobacteria class. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 1.
  • Cavalier-Smith (2006) assigned this class to the subphylum "Rhodobacteria" (Cavalier-Smith 1987) Cavalier-Smith 1998. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. Rooting the tree of life by transition analyses. Biol Direct 2006; 1:19.
  • Brenner et al. (2005) assigned the family Xanthomonadaceae Saddler and Bradbury 2005 to this class. Publication: Saddler GS, Bradbury JF. Family I. Xanthomonadaceae fam. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 63.
  • Brenner et al. (2005) assigned the order Acidithiobacillales Garrity et al. 2005 to this class. Publication: Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Order II. Acidithiobacillales ord. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 60.
  • Brenner et al. (2005) assigned the order Xanthomonadales Saddler and Bradbury 2005 to this class. Publication: Saddler GS, Bradbury JF. Order III. Xanthomonadales ord. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 63.
  • Imhoff et al. (2022) assigned the family "Halorhodospiraceae" Imhoff et al. 2022 to this class. Publication: Imhoff JF, Kyndt JA, Meyer TE. Genomic Comparison, Phylogeny and Taxonomic Reevaluation of the Ectothiorhodospiraceae and Description of Halorhodospiraceae fam. nov. and Halochlorospira gen. nov. Microorganisms 2022; 10:0.
  • Kuechler et al. (2011) assigned the genus "Candidatus Rohrkolberia" Kuechler et al. 2011 to this class. Publication: Kuechler SM, Dettner K, Kehl S. Characterization of an obligate intracellular bacterium in the midgut epithelium of the bulrush bug Chilacis typhae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae, Artheneinae). Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:2869-2876.
  • Kuwahara et al. (2007) assigned the genus "Candidatus Vesicomyosocius" Kuwahara et al. 2007 to this class. Publication: Kuwahara H, Yoshida T, Takaki Y, Shimamura S, Nishi S, Harada M, Matsuyama K, Takishita K, Kawato M, Uematsu K, et al. Reduced genome of the thioautotrophic intracellular symbiont in a deep-sea clam, Calyptogena okutanii. Curr Biol 2007; 17:881-886.
  • Maturrano et al. (2006) assigned the genus Salicola Maturrano et al. 2006 to this class. Publication: Maturrano L, Valens-Vadell M, Rossello-Mora R, Anton J. Salicola marasensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from the Maras solar salterns in Peru. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:1685-1691.
  • Pelletier et al. (2008) assigned the genus "Candidatus Cloacimonas" corrig. Pelletier et al. 2008 to this class. Publication: Pelletier E, Kreimeyer A, Bocs S, Rouy Z, Gyapay G, Chouari R, Riviere D, Ganesan A, Daegelen P, Sghir A, et al. "Candidatus Cloacamonas acidaminovorans": genome sequence reconstruction provides a first glimpse of a new bacterial division. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:2572-2579.
  • Russell et al. (2020) assigned the genus "Candidatus Methanofishera" Russell et al. 2020 to this class. Publication: Russell SL, Pepper-Tunick E, Svedberg J, Byrne A, Ruelas Castillo J, Vollmers C, Beinart RA, Corbett-Detig R. Horizontal transmission and recombination maintain forever young bacterial symbiont genomes. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008935.
  • Toth et al. (2007) assigned the genus Ignatzschineria Tóth et al. 2007 to this class. Publication: Toth EM, Borsodi AK, Euzeby JP, Tindall BJ, Marialigeti K. Proposal to replace the illegitimate genus name Schineria Toth et al. 2001 with the genus name Ignatzschineria gen. nov. and to replace the illegitimate combination Schineria larvae Toth et al. 2001 with Ignatzschineria larvae comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:179-180.
  • Toth et al. (2008) assigned the genus Wohlfahrtiimonas Tóth et al. 2008 to this class. Publication: Toth EM, Schumann P, Borsodi AK, Keki Z, Kovacs AL, Marialigeti K. Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new gammaproteobacterium isolated from Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:976-981.
  • Vigliotta et al. (2007) assigned the genus "Clonothrix" Roze 1896 to this class. Publication: Vigliotta G, Nutricati E, Carata E, Tredici SM, De Stefano M, Pontieri P, Massardo DR, Prati MV, De Bellis L, Alifano P. Clonothrix fusca Roze 1896, a filamentous, sheathed, methanotrophic gamma-proteobacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:3556-3565.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Arenicella Romanenko et al. 2010 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Congregibacter Spring et al. 2009 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Methylohalomonas Sorokin et al. 2007 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Methylonatrum Sorokin et al. 2007 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Porticoccus Oh et al. 2010 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Simiduia Shieh et al. 2008 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Spongiibacter Graeber et al. 2008 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Thiohalomonas Sorokin et al. 2007 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Umboniibacter Romanenko et al. 2010 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Zhongshania Li et al. 2011 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Chromatocurvus corrig. Csotonyi et al. 2012 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Halioglobus Park et al. 2012 to this class. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Schizomycetes Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Parker CD. Genus V. Thiobacillus Beijerinck 1904. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 83-88.
  • This taxon name is occasionally misprinted in some sources as: "Carmnaproteobacteria"; "Gamaproteobacteria"; "Gamaprotobacteria"; "Gammafrroteobacteria"; "Gammaproetobacterium"; "Gammaprotebacteria"; "Gammaprotobacteria"; "Gammaprouobacteria"; "Gammaptroteobacteria"; "Gammaroteobacteria"; "Gammproteobacteria"; "Garmnaproteobacteria"; "Grammaproteobacteria".
  • This taxon name is occasionally used in singular form as: "Gammaproteobacterium".
  • The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 2356; LMG: 1284; ATCC: 1150; JCM: 1029; CCUG: 918; KCTC: 792; NBRC: 482; NCTC: 355; CECT: 318; CGMCC: 269.
  • Irregularly formed name (not formed from the stem of the name of the nomenclatural type). Publication: Parker CT, Tindall BJ, Garrity GM. International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:S1-S111.
  • This name was mentioned in a Request for an Opinion. Publication: Oren A, Parte A, Garrity GM. Implementation of Rule 8 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes for the renaming of classes. Request for an Opinion. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:4296-4298.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 17
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 18
Total number of child taxa: 21

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Acidiferrobacterales Kojima et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Aeromonadales Martin-Carnahan and Joseph 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Alteromonadales Bowman and McMeekin 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Arenicellales Teramoto et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Cardiobacteriales Garrity et al. 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Cellvibrionales Spring et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Chromatiales Imhoff 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Enterobacterales Adeolu et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    [Gammaproteobacteria, not assigned to order]	artificial parent node of taxa incertae sedis
    Immundisolibacterales Corteselli et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Legionellales Garrity et al. 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Lysobacterales Christensen and Cook 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Methylococcales Bowman 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Nevskiales Naushad et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Oceanospirillales Garrity et al. 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Orbales Kwong and Moran 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Pasteurellales Garrity et al. 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Pseudomonadales Orla-Jensen 1921 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Tethybacterales" Taylor et al. 2021	not validly published
    Thiotrichales Garrity et al. 2005	validly published under the ICNP, illegitimate name	in need of a replacement
    "Vibrionales" Garrity and Holt 2001	not validly published

Parent taxon: Pseudomonadota Garrity et al. 2021

Assigned by: Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:5056.

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Record number: 40